Keçilerde puberta ve eşeysel olgunluk yaşı

Günümüzde değişen iklim koşullarına uyum sağlayan en önemli çiftlik hayvanlarından birisi keçi türüdür. Keçi yetiştiriciliğinde döl, süt ve et verimi önem taşır. Dölverimi tüm diğer verimlerin temeli olup et verimini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Üreme organlarının gelişmesi ile genç hayvanlarda üreme faaliyetlerinin başladıgı döneme puberta denir. Bu dönemde genç erkeklerin ejakulatında ilk spermatozoid, genç dişilerde ilk ovulasyon meydana gelir fakat hayvanlar cinsel olgunluğa tam ulaşmış değildir. Hayvanlar eşeysel olgunluğa ulaşır ulaşmaz hemen damızlıkta kullanılmazlar. Damızlıkta kullanma daha ileri yaşlarda olur. Böylece eşeysel olgunluk yaşı ile ilk defa damızlıkta kullanma yaşı farklı şeylerdir. Keçilerde yaşam boyu verim performansının belirlenmesinde önemli faktörlerden birisi puberta yaşıdır. Besleme, canlı ağırlık, ırk, doğum mevsimi ve büyüme oranı gibi birçok faktörün puberta yaşını etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu derleme; dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde farklı ırklara ait erkek ve dişi keçilerde puberta yaşını etkileyen faktörler ile puperta yaşının ıslah çalışmaları açısından önemi hakkında detaylı bilgilerin verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Puberty and sexual maturity in goats

At the present time, one of the most important farm animals that adapt to changing climate conditions is goat species. In goat breeding fertility, milk and meat production is important. Fertility in goat breeding is based on all other yields and directly affects meat yield. The development of reproductive organs and reproductive activities in young animals is called puberty. At this period, first ovulation in the female and first spermatozoa in the ejaculate of the male, but animals are not yet fully sexually mature. As soon as the animals reach sexual maturity, they are not used in breeding. Using breeding age is at a later age. Thus, the age of sexual maturity and the first use of breeding age is different. One of the important factors in determining the lifetime performance of the goats is puberty age. Several factors such as nutrition, body weight, breed, season of birth and growth rate are known to influence the age at puberty. This review; it is aimed to give detailed information about the factors affecting pubertal age in male and female goats of different breeds in different regions of the world and the importance of breeding studies of puberty age.

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