Effect of Skipping Irrigation in Different Phenological Periods on Yield and Some Physiological Parameters of Corn (Zea mays L.)

This study was carried out in Southeastern Anatolia Region in Turkey between 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of irrigation skipping in different phenological periods on yield and some physiological properties of corn (Zea mays L.) in second crop conditions. The trial is designed as randomized complete block design with three replications. DKC-6664 hybrid corn variety having classified as moderate maturity in the FAO (650-700) maturity classes were used in the study. Four irrigation skipping periods which are full irrigation treatments (S1, control), irrigation skipping in vegetative growth period (S2), irrigation skipping in pollination period (S3), and irrigation skipping in generative development period (S4) were studied in the research. According to the two-year averages; there were statistically significant differences in hybrid corn variety in terms of investigated characteristics. According to results, grain yield (GY), chlorophyll content (CC, spad), water use efficiency (WUE, mm), crop water stress index (CWSI) and plant water consumption (ETa, mm) were ranged from 12761.5 (S2)-14021.3 (S1) kg ha-1, 39.10 (S4)-44.50 (S1) spad, 1.902 (S1)-2.114 (S3) mm, 0.18 (S3)-0.33 (S4) and 6752 (S3)-7712.0 (S1) mm respectively. Because of drier weather conditions in 2017 compared to 2018, while GY, CC, and WUE parameters decreased, CWSI and ETa parameters increased. In the first year of the trial when dry weather conditions prevailed, the corn variety consumed more water and was more stressed. As a result, yield losses were experienced. There were positive and significant correlations between GY and CC and WUE, and negative and significant correlations between CWSI. The results of the study indicated that irrigation should not be skipped during the entire vegetative period for economical and profitable corn production in semi-arid regions.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Corn, phenological period, irrigation skipping, yield, physiological parameter

Effect of Skipping Irrigation in Different Phenological Periods on Yield and Some Physiological Parameters of Corn (Zea mays L.)

Keywords:

Corn, phenological period, irrigation skipping, yield, physiological parameter,

PDF

___

Alderfasi, A.A., Nielsen, D.C., 2001. Use of crop water stress index for monitoring water status and scheduling irrigation in wheat. Agricultural Water Management, 47(2): 69-75.
Ali, M.D., Shui, L.T., 2009. Potential evapotranspiration model for Muda Irrigation Project, Malaysia. Water Resources Management, 23(1): 57-69.
Anonymous, 2017. Trials Technical Instruction for Measuring Agricultural Values of Maize (Zea mays L.). Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Plant Production, Seed Registration and Certification Directorate, Ankara, Turkey. (In Turkish).
Anonymous, 2018a. Area and Production Quantities of Cereals and Other Crop Products. Turkish Statistical Institute, (http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr), (Date of access: 11.11.2018). (In Turkish).
Anonymous, 2018b. Meteorological Data of Şanlıurfa Province. General Directorate of State Meteorology Affairs, Adana, Turkey. (In Turkish).
Anonymous, 2019. World Agricultural Production. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Circular Series, WAP 12-19, (Date of access: 12.12.2019).
Bhagat, A.P., Bhale, V.M., Saoji, B.V., Kubde, K.J., Kharche, V.K., Kadu, P.R., 2019. Reciprocating preliminary effect on fodder maize as influenced by irrigation regimes and fertilizer levels grown in summer season. Annals of Botany, 103(4): 581-597.
Bu, L., Zhang, R., Chang, Y., Xue, J., Han, M., 2010. Response of photosynthetic characteristics to water stress of maize leaf in seeding. International Journal of Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30: 1184-1191.
Cakir, R., 2004. The effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crop Research, 89(5): 1-16.
Chakraborty, M., Ghosh, J., Sah, R.P., 2012. Combining ability studies for yield and other traits in maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Plant Archives, 12(1): 235-238.
Denmead, O.T., Shaw, R.H., 1960. The effects of soil moisture stress at different stages of growth on the development and yield of corn. Journal of Agronomy, 52(2): 272-274.
Der, G., Everitt, B.S., 2002. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SAS. Second Edition, CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
Eissa, M.A., Nadia, M.K.R., 2019. Effect of nitrogen rates on drip irrigated maize grown under deficit irrigation. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42(2): 127-136.
Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., Pinter, P.J., 1982. Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator. Water Resources Research, 17(4): 1133-1138.
Igbadun, H.E., Tarimo, A.K., Salim, B.A., Mahoo, H.F., 2007. Evaluation of selected crop water production functions for an irrigated maize crop. Agriculture Water Managament, 94(3): 1-10.
Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, M., AL Juburi, H.J., Somasundar, R., Pannerersel, R., 2009. Drought stress in plants: A review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. Journal of Agriculture Biology, 11(4): 100-105.
Jasim, A.H., Sura, H.R., Hanaa, H.M., 2020. Effect of skip irrigation and nano potassium treatments on maize yield. Journal of Eco-Environmental Consultants, 26(3): 10-15.
Kanemasu, E.T., Asrar, G., Yoshida, M., 1985. Remote sensing techniques for assessing water deficits and modeling crop response. Journal of Hortscience, 20(6): 1043-1046.
Maazou, A.R.S., Tu, J.L., Qiu, J., Liu, Z.Z., 2016. Breeding for drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7(6): 1858-1870.
Mahmoud, A.M., Ahmed, T.A., 2016. Water use efficiency of sunflower genotypes under drip irrigation. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(2): 925-929.
Pandit, M., 2016. Genetic diversity assay of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds based on morphometric traits and SSR markers. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(24): 2118-2128.
Pandit, M., 2017. Identification of maize genotypes for moisture stress tolerance. International Journal of Basic and Applied Biology, 4(2): 74-81.
Pandit, M., 2018. Gene action and combining ability for dual purpose traits in maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit stress prevailing in eastern India. Range Managament & Agroforestry, 39(1): 29-37.
Rajasekar, M., Abul-Hassan, S., Karthik, A., 2020. Effect of moisture deficit conditions on the performance of maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(2): 2603-2609.
Sah, R.P., Chakraborty, M., Prasad, K., Pandit, M., Tudu, V.K., Chakravarty, M.K., Narayan, S.C., Rana, M., Moharana, D., 2020. Impact of water deficit stress in maize: Phenology and yield components. Nature Research, 10: 2944.
Salvador, R.J., 2015. Proposed standard system of nomenclature for maize grain filling events and concepts. Journal of Maydica, 40(4): 141-146.
Sarikurt, B., Bengisu, G., 2020. Determination research on the determining of yield and some agricultural characters and the relationship among the characters on maize cultivars grown as second crop under irrigated conditions of Diyarbakir plain. European Journal of Science and Technology, 3(18): 243-247. (In Turkish).
Song, L., Jin, J., He, J., 2019. Effects of severe water stress on maize growth processes in the field. International Journal of Sustainability, 11(2): 1-18.
Steele, D.D., Stegman, E.C., Knighton, R.E., 2000. Irrigation management for corn in the northern Great Plains, USA. Journal of Irrigation Science, 19(2): 107-114.
Tariq, J., Usman, K., 2009. Regulated deficit irrigation scheduling of maize crop. Journal of Sarhad Agriculture, 25(4): 441-450.
Testi, L., Goldhamer, D.A., Iniesta, F., Salinas, M., 2008. Crop water stress index is a sensitive water stress indicator in pistachio trees. Journal of Irrigation Science, 26(2): 395-405.
Xiao, Y.N., Li, X.H., George, M.L., Li, M.S., Zhang, S.H., Zheng, Y.L., 2005. Quantitative trail locus analysis of drought tolerance and yield in maize in China. Journal of Plant Molecular Biology, 23(3): 155-165.
Yazar, A., 2009. Irrigation and Drainage Lecture Notes. Çukurova University Agriculture Faculty of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Adana, Turket. (In Turkish).
Zeleke, K.T., Wade, L.J., 2012. Evapotranspiration estimation using soil water balance. Weather and Crop Data, Rijeka, Croatia, pp. 41-58.