İngiltere’nin Körfeze Yönelik PostKolonyal Dış Politikası (1971-1991): Alternatif Bir Yaklaşım

İngiltere’nin 1971’de Basra Körfezi’nden çekilmesi ile bölgede yeni bir siyasi düzen ve güvenlik haritasının ortaya çıktığı yeni bir dönem başlamıştır. İran ve Suudi Arabistan bölgede İngiltere’nin bıraktığı güç boşluğunu doldurma yolunda bölgesel statükonun korunması görevini üstlenmişlerdir. İngiltere bu yeni dönemde yeni post-kolonyal dış politikası ile birlikte bölgede imparatorluk sonrası yeni bir rol üstlenmiştir. Bu makalede İngiltere’nin Körfez güvenliğine yönelik dış politikası özellikle İran Devrimi sonrasında ortaya çıkan politika kaymasına odaklanarak incelenmektedir. 1979’dan itibaren batı ile olan ittifakı sona eren İran, İngiliz dış politikasında bölgesel güvenliğin önündeki başat iç tehdit olarak tanımlanmıştır. İngiltere’nin dış politikasındaki bu değişim mezhepçi bir söylemin benimsenmesi ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu makalede İngiltere’nin bölgeye yönelik dış politikasında, Körfez’in Anglo-Amerikan ittifakı çerçevesinde “İran tehdidi” ekseninde güvenlikleştirilmesi paralelinde benimsenen mezhepçi yaklaşıma dikkat çekilmektedir. İngiltere, mezhep ayrımcılığını provoke etmeye yönelik bir söylemi Körfez ülkeleri ile ilişkilerinde, özellikle İran-Irak Savaşı ve onu takip eden Körfez Savaşı ile derinleşen bölgenin güvenlikleştirilmesinde etkin bir araç olarak kullanılmıştır.

Britain’s Post-Colonial Foreign Policy Towards Persian Gulf Security (1971-1991): An Alternative Approach

British withdrawal from the Persian Gulf in 1971, started a new era in the regionwith new political order and new security map. Iran and Saudi Arabia emerged asthe guardians of the status quo to be filling the power vacuum left by the Britishin behalf of the West. Britain adopted a new post-imperial role in the region alongwith new post-colonial foreign policy in the post-withdrawal context. Britishpolicy towards the regional security is analysed in this article with central focus onthe shift emerged in the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution in the British policy.After 1979, Iran, no longer a Western ally, has been defined as the major internalthreat for the regional security following the major external threat of the Sovietexpansion in the British foreign policy. This paper argues that the shift in theBritish policy came along with a sectarianist approach towards the region. Thesectarianization emerged with the securitization of the Gulf based on “Iran threat”within the determinants of the Anglo-American alliance on the regional security.The sectarianist discourse adopted by the British foreign policy was employedas an effective tool of the securitization of the Gulf that was deepened during theregional conflicts, the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War.

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