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Bir Kamu Politikası Aracı Olarak Davranışsal İçgörü

Davranışsal içgörü, dünyada özellikle son birkaç yıldır hükümetler tarafından gittikçe artan şekilde kullanılan bir araç haline gelmiştir. Son on sene içerisinde yayınlanan pek çok yayın araştırma, rapor ve benzeri çalışmalar göstermektedir ki davranışsal içgörü, pek çok politika sorununa katma değerli çözümler getirebilme yetisine sahiptir. Ödül (sübvansiyonlar, teşvikler, ödüller, burslar, krediler vb.) ve ceza (trafik ve vergi cezaları, yasal zorunluluklar, kısıtlamalar... vb. ) gibi, devlet yönetiminin uyguladığı klasik yöntemlerin yanı sıra bir tür yumuşak politika olarak karşımıza çıkan davranışsal içgörü / dürtme uygulamaları, çevre, sağlık, eğitim, enerji, finans, sosyal güvenlik ve daha pek çok alanda etkin, uygulaması kolay ve getirisi yüksek pratikler yapmaya olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada davranışsal içgörü uygulamalarının klasik politika araçları ile karşılaştırıldığında ne oranda faydalı olduğu, hangi kurumlar ve devletler tarafından, hangi alanlarda, ne şekilde kullanıldığı, davranışsal içgörünün bir kamu politikası aracı olarak kullanılabilirliği ve konu çevresinde tartışılan etik yaklaşımlar irdelenmiştir. Bu alanda ülkemizde yapılmış ilk çalışmalardan biri olması sebebi ile çalışmanın davranışsal içgörü / dürtme konularında Türkçe yazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Davranışsal İçgörü, Dürtme, Seçenek Mimarisi, Liberal Paternalizm, Kamu Politikalar

Behavioral Insights as a Public Policy Tool

The last few years saw increasing use of behavioral insight as a tool by the governments all around the globe. Numerous pieces of scholarship published in the last decade, not to mention substantial efforts in research, countless reports and other studies show that behavioral insight offers value-added solutions to many policy problems. When combined with the rather conventional tools available to the governments, such as rewards (subsidies, incentives, means of support, scholarships, loans, etc.) and punishments (traffic and tax fines, legal obligations, restrictions etc.), behavioral insights can be used in soft-policy contexts. Enabling effective, easy to implement and productive applications, behavioral insights can be used in many issue areas including but not limited to the environment, health, education, energy, finance, and social security. The study was designed as a piece of descriptive research. The major axes of the study are the benefits behavioral insight practices offer over the conventional policy tools, the specific issue areas where behavioral insights are employed by the governments, the processes whereby behavioral insights are used as public policy tools, and finally the ethical approaches to behavioral insights. As one of the first studies done on this matter in Turkey, the study would contribute to the literature in the fields of behavioral insights and nudging.

Keywords:

Behavioral Insights, Nudging, Choice Architecture, Liberal Paternalism, Public Policy,

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