Mısır(Zea maysL.)'dakullanılan bazı insektisitlerinTrichogramma evanescensWestwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)'inergin öncesi dönemlerine etkileri

Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), Türkiye'de mısırın ana zararlılarından biri olan Mısırkurdu (Ostrinia nubilais Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)'nun biyolojik mücadelesinde kullanılmaktadır. Diğer zararlılar da düşünüldüğünde entegre mücadele kapsamında T. evanescens salımlarının kimyasal mücadele ile kombine edilmesi gerektiği görülmektedir. Bu yüzden mısırda kullanılan insektisitlerin T. evanescens üzerindeki etkilerin iyi bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada mısırda ruhsatlı insektisitlerden chlorpyrifos ethyl, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin ve novaluron'un T. evanescens'in ergin öncesi dönemlerine etkileri yumurta kartı daldırma yöntemi kullanılarak laboratuvar koşullarında araştırılmıştır. Yaklaşık 125 parazitlenmiş Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) yumurtası içeren yumurta kartları, parazitoidin yumurta-larva, prepupa ve pupa dönemlerinde, önerilen dozda hazırlanan insektisit solüsyonlarına 5 saniye süreyle daldırılmış, çıkış oranları, parazitleme kapasitesi, F1'in çıkış ve eşey oranları belirlenmiştir. Chlorpyrifos ethyl, tüm dönemlerde % 100 ölüme neden olmuş ve IOBC sınıflandırmasına göre 4. sınıfta (zararlı) yer almıştır. Deltamethrin ve lambda-cyhalothrin, çıkış oranlarına bakıldığında zararsızken (1), parazitleme kapasitesinde (2) ve F1'deki eşey oranında azalmaya yol açmıştır. Novaluron'un T. evanescens'in larva dönemine az zararlı olduğu (2), ancak bu zararın F1'e yansımadığı görülmüştür. Chlorantraniliprole ve indoxacarb, T. evanescens'in tüm ergin öncesi dönemlerine zararsızdır (1)

Effects of some insecticides used in maize (Zea maysL.)on preimaginal stages of Trichogramma evanescensWestwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is used for biological control of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilais Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), one of the key pest of maize (Zea mays L.) (Poales: Poaceae) in Turkey. Considering other pests, there is a need for integration of chemical control and T. evanescens releases. Therefore, effects of chemical insecticides on T. evanescens should be known. In this study, effects of insecticides chlorpyrifos ethyl, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and novaluron on the preimaginal developmental stages of T. evanescens were investigated using egg card dipping method in laboratory conditions. Blue egg cards containing approximately 125 parasitised Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were dipped into insecticide solutions prepared at the recommended dose for 5 second at each developmental stage of T. evanescens. Emergence ratio, parasitism capacity, emergence and sex ratio of offsprings were determined. Chlorpyrifos ethyl caused 100% death for all developmental stages and classified as harmful (4) according to the guidelines of IOBC. Deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin was harmless (1) to emergence ratio, but caused reduction on the parasitism capacity (2) and the sex ratio of F1. Novaluron was slightly harmful (2) when applied during the egg-larval period and harmless to F1. Chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb were harmless (1) for all developmental stages.

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