Ming LI, Xia-Lin ZHENG, Wen-Ling LV, Shu-Zhong YU, Zhen-De YANG

Effect of a gall-inducingpsylloid,Pseudophacopteron alstoniumYang et Li(Hemiptera: Phacopteronidae) on defensive chemistry of Alstonia scholaris(L.) R. Br.(Gentianales: Apocynaceae)

Gal yapan böcekler konukçu bitkilerin savunma mekanizmalarından kaçabilme yeteneklerine sahiptirler. Bununla birlikte gal yapan böceklerin bitkilerin savunma mekanizmalarına etkileri hala tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışma Pseudophacopteron alstonium Yang et Li (Hemiptera: Phacopteronidae)'nin Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) üzerinde beslenmesi ile bitki savunma sisteminde meydana gelen kimyasal değişimleri belirlemek için yapılmıştır. P. alstonium tarafından birden beşinci seviyeye kadar uyarılmış Gall, aynı yaprakta galsiz yaprak parçası, ve hiç galsiz yapraktaki toplam tannin, peroksidaz, superoksid, dismutaz, katalaz ve polyphenol oksidaz düzeyleri laboratuvar koşullarında ölçülmüştür. Galin birinci evresinden üçüncü evresine kadar bitkide ikincil metabolitlerin (toplam phenolic ve tanin gibi) ve koruyucu enzimlerinde önemli bir artış tespit edilmişken, nimflerin beslenmeyi durdurduğu yada ergin hale geçtiği galin dördüncü ve beşinci evresinde bu değerler belirgin şekilde düşük bulunmuştur. A. scholaris'in ikincil metabolitlerinin ve koruyucu enzimlerinde meydana gelen bu artışın bitkinin P. alstonium'un beslenmesine verdiği tepkiden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Elde edilen bu bilgilerin bitki ve bitkilerde gallere neden olan böcekler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesine yardımcı olacaktır.

Gal yapan bir psylloid Pseudophacopteron alstoniumYang et Li (Hemiptera: Phacopteronidae)'un, Alstonia scholaris(L.) R. Br. (Gentianales: Apocynaceae)'in kimyasal savunma yapısı üzerine etkisi

Gall-inducing insect species are capable to escape from defence of host plant species. However, effect of gallinducing insects on defensive mechanism of host plants is still unclear. The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible chemical changes in the defensive system of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) caused by Pseudophacopteron alstonium Yang et Li (Hemiptera: Phacopteronidae) feeding. Total phenolic and tannin, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase of gall (G) and non-galled (NG) tissues in one leaf, whole leaf with gall (WG) from 1st to 5th stages induced by P. alstonium, and un-galled leaves (UL) were measured in laboratory. High levels of secondary metabolites (i.e., total phenolic and tannin) and protective enzymes were detected, which increased sharply during 1st to 3rd stages of galls and subsequently decreased when nymph stoped feeding or entered into mature (4th or 5th) stages. The recorded high levels of secondary metabolites and protective enzymes in A. scholaris could be result of defensive response against P. alstonium. The current findings could be helpful for understanding the interaction between plants and gall-formed insects.

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