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• Jaftray DB. Cotrol and Prevention of infection. Principles
• and Practice of Medical intensive Care. 1st edition (Ed:
• Carlson HW. Geheb MAtfde. Philapheldia: WB Saunders
• Company. 1333; 331 -330.
• Kapusnik JEı Millar HT. Sanda MA. Antibacteriai therapy in
• critical care. Textbook of Critical Care. 2nd Edition {Edz Shomakar WC. Ayres S. Granvik A. Holbrook F'Fl. Thompson WLH de. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. 1939: ?ED—BDi . 3. Spencer HC. Epidemiolojy ot infection in ICUs. Intensive Care Med 1334. 20 [4]: 2. 4. Topl F'L. Drslni E. Intections in intensive care units. Minerva Cardioangiol 1934. 42 {E}: 305.
• kriger IN. Karaer Di... Wenzel HP. Nosocomial urinary tract
• infections: secuiar trends. treatment and economics in a
• university hospital. J Urol 130:102. 1333.
• F'uzol lvl. Pana C. Pallares H. Ayats J et al. Hisk factor for
• nosooomial bacteremia due do methicillin-resistant
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• Panillo A. Culver DH. Gaynes HP et al. Melhlciliin resistanl Staphylococcus aureus in US hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1332. 13: 532—533.
• Ünal 8. Sorun gram pozitif bakteri inteksiyonlarının tedavisinde yenilikler. Antibiyotik Bült 1333: 3 (3,1: 71-?5.
• Donowitz GH. Mandalı GL. Beta-lactam antibiotics (second of two partel. N Engl J Med 1333; 313: 430. va?: Sites-= = - “= .ÇaMâÖ—Öfvıgı' Messa-:tşcae—ot
• uygulanan Gram negatif bakterilerin endotoksin salgı—
• ladığı gösterilmiştir. Ancak antibiyotikler halen infeksi
• yonların tedavisinde vazgeçilemeyecek bir öneme sahiptirler.
• antibiyotik tedavisi sırasında açığa çıkan endotoksin
• miktarı da antibiyotiğin etki mekanizmasına göre farklılık
• gösterir. Aminoglikozidler protein sentezini etkilerler.
• büyük miktarlarda endotoksin salınımına sebep olmazlar.
• Beta-Iaktam antibiyotikler bakteriyel hücre duvarını
• yıkarlar ve değişik miktarlarda endotoksin salınımına yol
• açarlar. Sattazidim ve diğer beta—Iaktamlarla karşılaştırıl—
• dığında. imipenem-silastatin ve meropenem. endotoksin
• miktarında daha az artışa neden olurlar. Endotoksin ve
• bazı sitokinlere karşı geliştirilen monoklonal antikorlar
• kullanılarak mortalitenin azaltılabileceği ileri sürülmek
• tedir [25. 23). Ancak bu ajanlarla ilgili daha çok klinik
• çalışmaya gerek vardır.
• lvlett H. Fiesta S. Schacher El. Frei H. Duther membrana permeability and beta-lactamase content in Pseudomonas maltophilia clinical isolates and laboratory mutants. Hev Infect Dis 1333; 1D: ?35-T39.
• Vahaboğlu H. Öztürk H. Aygün G. Coşkunkan F at al. Widespread detection of PEH-1 type extended—spectrum beta—iactamases among nosooomial Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Turkey: a nationwide multicenter study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 199?: 41: 2265-9.
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• ?. Tenover FC, Lancaster MV. Hill BC. Steward CD et al. characterization oi staphylococci with reduced susceptibilities to vancomycin and other glycopeptides. J Clin Miorohioi 19913: 35 (41: WED-"F.
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• B. Karsit. T. Saniro'ağ “FM-”VW. _...
• ' ki???-3 '.'_|I__1"_'E?îjf.-m_ _ _.
• EG. Plttet D. Monod M. Suter PM. Frank E. ot al. Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically.F ill surgical patients. Ann Surg 1994: 220 [6}: ?Si.
• Meunier F. Therapy of systemic Candidlasls. Mycoses 1994;13? {2Jt52.
• van oer Poll T. Levi M. llack CE. Cate Ilet al. Elimination of IL—E attenuates coagulation in experimental endotoiremia in chimpanzees. J Exp hileci 1994; 179: 1253.
• Nadal S. Newport MJ. EI-osy Fl. Levin M. 1|ll'ariation in the TNF—a gene promoter region may be associated with death from meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis 1996; 1?4:BTB.
• Poll ve. iiiltıleftıır HW. Gayle SM. Lownr SF. Anti inflammatory machine responses during clinical sepsis and experimental endotoitemia. J Infect Dis 199?: 1?5: 113.
• Teneya Ekopatofoji Dergisi fasa.- 4 (3-4;.- rrs- tee
• == 's amg-ait.): 'E_e-f.ş;ğ'e . _ _ ?
• '5â.-.:'E.'ğ.—'z ia t .
• Kasai T. lnada K. Takakawa T. Yamacla Y. et al. Anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with septic shook. Ftes Gomman Mol Pathol Pharmacol 199?: BB: :34.
• as. tracheron F. Mandino E. Lenaour Ft. Smets P. et al. InhBihition of production of TNF by monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaocarides. J Infect Dis 199?; 15-5: BFG. ?azışma adresi:
• Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tamer Şanlıdağ
• Ceisi Bayar Üniversitesi
• Sağiık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu. Manisa
• TelfFai-t: 11236 234 E9 31