Taner BAYRAKTAROĞLU, Türkan AKYOL GÜNER, Ayşe KUZU

Diyabetli Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı Arasındaki İlişki

Amaç: Sağlık okuryazarlığı, kronik hastalık yönetiminin etkili yapılabilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma, diyabetli bireylerde sağlık okuryazarlığı ve akılcı ilaç kullanımı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, 24 Ocak - 5 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında Zonguldak Merkez’de bulunan Zonguldak Diyabet Derneği’nde dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü 220 diyabetli birey ile tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri, sosyo-demografik ve sağlığa ilişkin özellikler formu, Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (TSYO- 32) ve Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı Ölçeği ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Diyabetli bireylerin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (TSOY-32) puan ortalaması 22,89±13,76 olarak; Akılcı İlaç Kullanım Ölçeği puan ortalaması ise 31,30±8,85 olarak bulunmuş ve düşük seviyelerde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özelliklerine göre sağlık okuryazarlığı ve akılcı ilaç kullanım düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması yapıldığında; cinsiyetine, yaşına, eğitim durumuna, medeni durumuna ve gelir durumuna göre sağlık okuryazarlığı ve akılcı ilaç kullanım düzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p<0,001). Diyabetli bireylerin sağlık ile ilgili özelliklerine göre sağlık okuryazarlığı ve akılcı ilaç kullanım düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması yapıldığında ise; diyabet tanı süresine, başka kronik hastalık durumuna, düzenli doktor kontrolüne, diyabet eğitimi alma ve eğitim gereksinimi durumuna, ilaçlarını düzenli alma ve reçete dışı ilaç kullanma durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği görülmüştür (p<0,001). Diyabetli bireylerde sağlık okuryazarlığı ile akılcı ilaç kullanımı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde ise pozitif yönlü ve yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (r=0,827; p<0,001). Sonuç: Diyabetli bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin ve akılcı ilaç kullanımın yetersiz düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin yeterli olması ile akılcı ilaç kullanımı ve tedavi uyumunun sağlanmasının daha kolay olacağı bilindiğinden, diyabetli bireyler sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerinin geliştirilmesi konusunda desteklenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sağlık okuryazarlığı, Diyabet, Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı

The Relationship Between Health Literacy and Rational Drug Use in Individuals with Diabetes

Aim: Health literacy is very important to manage a chronic disease effectively. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between health literacy and rational drug use in individuals with diabetes. Material and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 diabetic individuals/patients who met the criteria and volunteered to participate between January 24 and March 5 2020 in Zonguldak Diabetes Association located in Zonguldak. The data were collected by face-to-face interview technique through the socio-demographic and health characteristics form, Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32) and Rational Drug Use Scale. Results: The Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32) average score of individuals with diabetes was found 22.89±13.76; The Rational Drug Use Scale score average was found 31.30±8.85 and it was determined that both health literacy and rational drug use levels were low. When the health literacy and rational drug use levels of the participants were compared according to their socio-demographic characteristics, it has been determined that there is a statistically significant difference in health literacy and rational drug use levels according to gender, age, education, marital status and income (p<0.001). When the health literacy and rational drug use levels of individuals with diabetes were compared according to their health characteristics; it was observed that there were statistically significant differences according to the duration of diabetes diagnosis, other chronic disease status, regular physician control, diabetes education or training requirement, regular drug use and non-prescription drug use (p<0.001). When the relationship between health literacy and rational drug use in individuals with diabetes was examined, it was determined that there was a positive and highly significant relationship (r=0.827; p<0.001). Conclusion: It was determined that the health literacy level and rational drug use level of individuals with diabetes were insufficient. Since it is known that rational drug use and treatment compliance will be easier with a sufficient level of health literacy, individuals with diabetes should be supported in improving their health literacy level.

Keywords:

Diabetes, Health literacy, Rational drug use,

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