Aşılar ve Mikrobiyota

Aşılama enfeksiyon hastalıkları yükünü azaltan temiz su erişiminden sonra ikinci en önemli yöntemdir. Aşı etkinliği bireyler arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Mikrobiyotanın immün sistemin gelişmesinde birçok role sahip olduğunun gösterilmesi aşı etkinliğinde de rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Bu derlemede, mikrobiyotanın aşı yanıtları üzerine etkileriyle ilgili yayınları özetlemeyi hedefledik. Bazı çalışmalar, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının farklı üyelerinin belli immün hücre bölümlerinin gelişimini düzenleyerek sistemik bir etki yaptığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmaların sonuçları gelişmekte olan ülkelerde aşıların etkinliğinin gelişmiş ülkelere göre daha az olmasında mikrobiyotanın bozulmasının etkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Birçok çalışma probiyotiklerin uygulanmasının ardından serum antikorlarının arttığını göstermekle birlikte, bu yanıtlar plasebo kontrollerdeki yanıtlardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmamıştır. Bazı probiyotikler bir aşı için özgül etkiler göstermekle birlikte diğer aşılarda etkisiz olmuştur. İnsanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda prebiyotik kulanımının aşı etkinliğine etkisi gösterilememiştir. Mikrobiyotanın immün sistemin gelişimindeki merkezi rolü nedeniyle, mikrobiyotanın aşı etkinliği üzerinde etkili olması olağandır. Ancak şimdiye kadar az sayıda veri bulunmaktadır. Burada özetlenen çalışmalar belli ölçüde aşı-mikrobiyota ilişkisini göstermekle birlikte, bu konuyla ilgili daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

aşı, immün sistem, mikrobiyota, prebiyotik, probiyotik

Vaccines and Microbiota

Vaccination is the second most important method after access to clean water that reduces the burden of infectious diseases. Vaccine efficacy varies among individuals. The fact that microbiota has many roles in the development of the immune system has suggested that it may play a role in vaccine efficacy. In this review, we aimed to summarize publications about the effects of microbiota on vaccine responses. Some studies have shown that different members of the gut microbiota have a systemic effect by regulating the development of certain immune cell segments. In addition, the results of the studies suggest that microbiota deterioration may be effective on the lower efficacy of vaccines in developing countries than developed countries. Although many studies showed that serum antibodies increased after the application of probiotics, these responses were not significantly higher than the placebo controls. Some probiotics show specific effects for a vaccine but have been ineffective for others. In human studies, the effect of prebiotic use on vaccine efficacy has not been demonstrated. Due to the central role of microbiota in the development of the immune system, it is common for the microbiota to have an impact on the efficacy of the vaccine. However, there are few data to date. Although the studies summarized here indicate a certain degree of vaccine-microbiota relationship, further studies are needed.

Keywords:

immune system, microbiota, prebiotic, probiotic,

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