There are three concepts explaining the relationship between learning and assessment. These are; assessment of learning (AoL), assessment for learning (AfL), and assessment as learning (AaL). The purpose of AoL is usualy summative and mostly done at the end of a unit, course, semester etc. In AfL, formative assessment is in question and is carried out continuously throughout the learning process. In AaL, on the other hand, the learner’s self-assessment, self-direction and self-regulation are in question. Peer and self-assessment are the most important methods in this kind of assessment that learners actively participate in the learning and assessment process. In this regard, it can be said that there is a strong relevance among AaL and self-directed learning, which requires the learner to take the initiative in diagnosing learning needs and resources, choosing appropriate learning strategies, and implementing and evaluating learning outcomes.