Renal handling of ciprofloxacin in domestic ruminant species
Investigations regarding renal clearance and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin were carried out in buffaloes, cows, sheep, and goats. The drug was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma and urine concentrations of the drug were determined with HPLC. Renal clearance of endogenous creatinine was used as an index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In buffaloes, it was 0.72 ± 0.15 (mean ± SE), in cows 0.36 ± 0.09, in sheep 1.33 ± 0.35, and in goats 1.87 ± 0.38 mL/min/kg. The renal clearance of ciprofloxacin in buffaloes was 0.47 ± 0.08, in cows 0.29 ± 0.08, in sheep 0.39 ± 0.06, and in goats 0.98 ± 0.17 mL/min/kg. Besides glomerular filtration, ciprofloxacin was reabsorbed from the renal tubules of all ruminants and actively secreted in buffaloes. The cumulative percentage of intramuscular dose of ciprofloxacin excreted into the urine over 10 h in buffaloes was 10.04 ± 1.17, in cows 7.22 ± 1.12, in sheep 11.26 ± 1.74, and in goats 13.03 ± 2.07. Species difference in the urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin revealed that the excretion of the drug was highest in goats, followed by sheep, buffaloes, and cows. This species variation in the percentage of urinary excretion in these ruminants coincides with their respective GFR being the highest in goats and lowest in cows.
Renal handling of ciprofloxacin in domestic ruminant species
Investigations regarding renal clearance and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin were carried out in buffaloes, cows, sheep, and goats. The drug was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma and urine concentrations of the drug were determined with HPLC. Renal clearance of endogenous creatinine was used as an index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In buffaloes, it was 0.72 ± 0.15 (mean ± SE), in cows 0.36 ± 0.09, in sheep 1.33 ± 0.35, and in goats 1.87 ± 0.38 mL/min/kg. The renal clearance of ciprofloxacin in buffaloes was 0.47 ± 0.08, in cows 0.29 ± 0.08, in sheep 0.39 ± 0.06, and in goats 0.98 ± 0.17 mL/min/kg. Besides glomerular filtration, ciprofloxacin was reabsorbed from the renal tubules of all ruminants and actively secreted in buffaloes. The cumulative percentage of intramuscular dose of ciprofloxacin excreted into the urine over 10 h in buffaloes was 10.04 ± 1.17, in cows 7.22 ± 1.12, in sheep 11.26 ± 1.74, and in goats 13.03 ± 2.07. Species difference in the urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin revealed that the excretion of the drug was highest in goats, followed by sheep, buffaloes, and cows. This species variation in the percentage of urinary excretion in these ruminants coincides with their respective GFR being the highest in goats and lowest in cows.
___
- Bregante, M.A., Saez, P., Aramayona, J.J., Fraile, L., Garcia, M.A.,
- Solans, C.: Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in
- mice, rats, rabbits, sheep and cows. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1999; 60: 1111-1116. 9.
- Blum, R.A.: Influence of renal function on the
- pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin compared with other
- fluoroquinolones. Am. J. Med., 1992; 92: 18S-21S.
- Boehncke, E.: Creatinine excretion in veal calves and endogenous creatinine of amines tested with crossing paper electrophoresis. J. Chromatog., 1980; 8: 466-474.
- Yasmeen, T., Iqbal, T., Khan, F.H., Nawaz, M.: Renal clearance of endogenous creatinine, urea and kanamycin in cows. Pakistan Vet. J., 1998; 18: 209-212.
- Alvi, M.A., Hashmi, A.S., Nawaz, M.: Renal clearance of endogenous and exogenous urea in sheep. Pakistan Vet. J., 1985; 5: 133-136.
- Nawaz, R., Allahi, A., Iqbal, Z.: Analysis of metabolities of 2-(P- amino-benzene sulphonamide) pyrimidine (sulfadiazine) excreted in the urine of buffaloes. Pakistan Vet. J., 1992; 12: 116- 120.
- Schmidt-Nielsen, B., Osaki, H., Murdaugh, H.V. Jr., O’Dell, R.: Renal regulation of urea excretion in sheep. Am. J. Physiol., 1958; 194: 221-228.
- Atef, M., Rasmussen, F.: Mammary and renal excretion of sulphadiazine in goats. Zentralbl. Veterinärmed A, 1975; 22: 501-509.
- Saini, S.P.S., Srivastava, A.K.: The disposition kinetics, urinary excretion and dosage regimen of ciprofloxacin in buffalo calves (Bubalis bubalis). Vet. Res. Commun., 2001; 25: 641-649.
- Sappal, R., Choudahry, R.K., Sandhu, H.S., Lees, P., Sidhu, P.K.: Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion, protein binding and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin following intravenous administration in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therapeut., 2006; 29 (Suppl. 1): 268.
- Montay, G., Goueffon, Y., Roquet, F.: Absorption, distribution, metabolic fate and elimination of pefloxacin mesylate in mice, rats, dogs, monkeys and humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1984; 25: 463-472.
- Singh, K., Srivastava, A.K.: Plasma levels, pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and dosage regimen of ciprofloxacin in cross bred cow calves. J. Punjab Acad. Sci., 2000; 2: 105-107.
- Takács-Novák, K., Józan, M., Hermecz, I., Szász, G.: Lipophilicity of antibacterial fluoroquinolones. Int. J. Pharmceut., 1992; 79: 89-96.