Optimized oral supplementation of vitamins improves feed intake and rumen microbial protein synthesis in Deoni cows
Optimized oral supplementation of vitamins improves feed intake and rumen microbial protein synthesis in Deoni cows
The present study was conducted to optimize oral doses of fat- and water-soluble vitamins in cattle using in vitro gasproduction model and to ascertain their effects on dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, and rumen microbial protein (RMBP)synthesis. Doses optimized using the in vitro model were 3.66, 6.78, 16.3, 41.1, 3.87, 0.323, 4.12, and 0.055 mg/kg DMI, respectively, forthiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, and B12 and 500 IU/kg DMI for vitamin K. Thirty-two adult,nonproducing Deoni cows (375 ± 13.4 kg body weight, BW) were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 8) and fed a basal diet(CON) or diets supplemented with in vitro optimized doses of water-soluble (WS), fat-soluble (FS), or both (WSFS) vitamins. The DMIvalues in WS and WSFS were higher than that of FS (92.6 and 96.17 vs. 82.85 g/kg BW0.75; P = 0.048) but comparable to CON (90.34 g/kg BW0.75). The purine derivative creatinine index was significantly higher in the WSFS group compared to CON (270.3 vs. 224.6; P =0.035). Oral supplementation of optimized doses of vitamins as derived from in vitro trials improved DMI and RMBP production inDeoni cows.
___
- 1. Scott HW, Dehority BA. Vitamin requirements of several
cellulolytic rumen bacteria. J Bacteriol 1965; 79: 1169-1175.
- 2. Bryant M, Robinson IM. Some nutritional requirements of the
genus Ruminococcus. Appl Microbiol 1961; 9: 91-95.
- 3. Durand FC, Walker ND, Bach A. Effects of active dry yeasts
on rumen microbial ecosystem: past, present and future. Anim
Feed Sci Technol 2007; 145: 5-26.
- 4. Chen B, Wang C, Wang YM, Liu JX. Effect of biotin on milk
performance of dairy cattle: a meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci
2011; 94: 3537-3546.
- 5. NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed.
Washington, DC, USA: National Research Council; 2001.
- 6. Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of energetic feed value
obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production
using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev 1988; 28: 7-55.
- 7. Srinivas B, Chaturvedi OH, Malik R, Asgar M. Effect of enzyme
to substrate ratio of exogenous fibrolytic and protease enzyme
on in vitro gas production kinetics. Indian J Small Rumin 2008;
14: 181-190.
- 8. Barnett JGA, Reid RL. Studies on production of volatile fatty
acids from the grass by rumen liquor in an artificial rumen. J
Agric Sci 1956; 48: 315.
- 9. ICAR. Nutrient Requirements of Cattle and Buffalo. New
Delhi, India: Indian Council of Agricultural Research; 2013.
- 10. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Gaithersburg,
MD, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 2000.
- 11. George SK, Dipu MT, Mehra UR, Singh P, Verma AK,
Ramgaokar JS. Improved HPLC method for simultaneous
determination of allantoin, uric acid and creatinine in cattle
urine. J Chromatogr 2006; 832: 134-137.
- 12. Chen XB, Mefia AT, Kyle DJ, Orskov ER. Evaluation of use of
the purine derivative: creatinine ratio in the spot urine and
plasma samples as an index of microbial protein supply in
ruminants: study in sheep. J Agric Sci 1995; 125: 137-143.
- 13. IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.
Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.; 2011.
- 14. Getachew G, Makkar HPS, Becker K. Tropical browses:
contents of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and
stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and
in vitro gas production. J Agric Sci 2002; 139: 341-352.
- 15. Orpin CG, Greenwood Y. Nutritional and germination
requirements of the rumen chytridiomycete Neocallimastix
patriciarum. Trans Br Mycol Soc 1986; 86: 103-109.
- 16. MacLeod RA, Murray JF. Some factors affecting cellulose
digestion by rumen microorganisms in vitro. J Nutr 1956; 60:
245-259.
- 17. Samanta AK, Kewalramani N, Kaur H. Influence of niacin
supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation in cattle.
Indian J Anim Nutr 2000; 17: 243-245.
- 18. Cruyvagen CW, Bunge GA. The effect of supplemental biotin
in dairy cow diets on fibre fermentation patterns as measured
by in vitro gas production. S Afr J Anim Sci 2004; 34: 68-70.
- 19. Lebzien P, Abel H, Schröder B, Flachowsky G. Studies on
the biotin flow at the duodenum of dairy cows fed diets with
different concentrate levels and types of forages. Arch Anim
Nutr 2006; 60: 80-88.
- 20. Ragaller V, Lebzien P, Bigalke W, Südekum KH, Hüther L,
Flachowsky G. Effects of a pantothenic acid supplementation
to different rations on ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow at
the duodenum, and on blood and milk variables of dairy cows.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2011; 95: 730-743.
- 21. Chiquette J, Girard CL, Matte JJ. Effect of diet and folic acid
addition on digestibility and ruminal fermentation in growing
steers. J Anim Sci 1993; 71: 2793-2798.
- 22. Bentley OG, Johnson RR, Vanecko S, Hunt CH. Studies
on factors needed by rumen microorganisms for cellulose
digestion in vitro. J Anim Sci 1954; 13: 581-593.
- 23. Tagliapietra F, Cattania M, Hansen HH, Bittante G, Schiavon
S. High doses of vitamin E and vitamin C influence in vitro
rumen microbial activity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013; 183:
210-214.
- 24. Hymøller L, Jensen SK. Stability in the rumen and effect on
plasma status of single oral doses of vitamin D and vitamin E
in high-yielding dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93: 5748-5757.
- 25. Weiss WP, Smith KL, Hogan JS, Steiner TE. Effect of forage to
concentrate ratio on disappearance of vitamins a and e during
in vitro ruminal fermentation. J Dairy Sci 1995; 78: 1837-1842.
- 26. Schwab EC, Schwab CG, Shaver RD, Girard CL, Putnam DE,
Whitehouse NL. Dietary forage and nonfiber carbohydrate
contents influence B-vitamin intake, duodenal flow, and
apparent ruminal synthesis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci
2006; 89: 174-187.
- 27. Wolin MJ, Miller TL, Stewart CS. Microbe-microbe
interactions. In: Hobson PN, Stewart CS, editors. The Rumen
Microbial Ecosystem. 1st ed. Essex, UK: Elsevier Science
Publishing Ltd.; 1997. pp. 467-491.
- 28. Dipu MT, George SK, Shingh P, Verma AK, Mehra, UR.
Measurement of microbial protein supply in Murrah buffaloes
(Bubalus bubalis) using urinary purine derivatives excretion
and PDC index. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2006; 19: 347-355.
- 29. Cetinkaya N, Yaman S, Baber NHO. The use of purine
derivatives/creatinine ratio in spot urine samples as an index of
microbial protein supply in Yerli Kara crossbred cattle. Livest
Sci 2006; 100: 91-98.
- 30. Nolan JV, Kahn LP. The use of urinary excretion of purine
metabolites as an index of microbial protein supply in
ruminants. In: Makkar HPS, Chen XB, editors. Estimation
of Microbial Protein Supply in Ruminants Using Urinary
Purine Derivatives. 1st ed. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer
Academic Publishers; 2004. pp. 15-27.
- 31. Santschi DE, Chiquette J, Berthiaume R, Martineau R, Matte JJ,
Mustafa AF, Girard CL. Effect of the forage to concentrate ratio
on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of
dairy cows. Can J Anim Sci 2005; 85: 389-399.
- 32. Wrinkle SR, Robinson PH, Garrett JE. Niacin delivery to the
intestinal absorptive site impacts heat stress and productivity
responses of high producing dairy cows during hot conditions.
Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012; 175: 33-47.
- 33. Chiofalo B, Liotta L, Zumbo A, Chiofalo V. Administration of
olive cake for ewe feeding: effect on milk yield and composition.
Small Rumin Res 2004; 55: 169-176.