Methods of diagnosis and treatment of postpartum uterine infection adopted by Algerian veterinarians
Methods of diagnosis and treatment of postpartum uterine infection adopted by Algerian veterinarians
The present study aimed to monitor the practices of Algerian veterinarians in the diagnosis and treatment of puerperalmetritis (PM) and clinical endometritis (CE) in cattle. For this purpose, a questionnaire was established and distributed to collect theinformation concerning veterinarian profiles and practices related to the diagnosis and treatment of PM and CE. The results showedthat examinations of the uterus (rectal palpation), vaginal discharge, and rectal temperature were the most practiced methods for PM(71%, 68%, and 83%, respectively) and CE (86%, 60%, and 65%, respectively) diagnosis. Tetracycline was the antibiotic of choice forintrauterine treatment of PM (54%) and CE (57%), whereas penicillin was the preferred parenteral antibiotic against PM (68%) and CE(64%). In addition, molecules combined with antibiotic treatment were PGF2α (PM: 71%, CE: 79%), vitamins (PM: 73%, CE: 60.5%),and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (PM: 68.2%, CE: 58%). Inseminators were more likely to use IU cephalosporins to treat PMand CE (OR = 3.5, P < 0.05 and OR = 5.1, P < 0.01, respectively). Veterinarians with more than 10 years of experience were more likelyto use IU cephalosporins to treat PM (OR = 3.8, P = 0.03). Moreover, bovine practitioners were less likely to observe hyperthermia incases of CE (OR = 0.29, P = 0.02).
___
- 1. Barlett PC, Kirk JH, Wilke MA, Kaneen JB, Mather EC. Metritis
complex in Michigan Holstein-Friesian cattle: incidence,
descriptive epidemiology and estimated economic impact.
Preventive Veterinary Medecine 1986; 4: 235-248.
- 2. Dubuc J, Duffield TF, Leslie KE, Walton JS, Leblanc SJ. Effects
of postpartum uterine diseases on milk production and culling
in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2011; 94 (3): 1339-
1346. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3758
- 3. Fourichon C, Seegers H, Malher X. Effect of disease on
reproduction in the dairy cow: a meta-analysis. Theriogenology
2000; 53: 1729-1759.
- 4. Lewis GS. Uterine health and disorders. Journal of Dairy
Science 1997; 80 (5): 984-994.
- 5. Nakao T, Moriyoshi M, Karata K. The effect of postpartum
ovarian dysfunction and endometritis on subsequent
reproductive performance in high and medium producing
dairy cow. Theriogenology 1992; 37 (2): 341-349.
- 6. Pantaleo M, Rizzo A, D’Onghia GG, D’Onghia GG, Roncetti M
et al. Immunological aspects of metritis in dairy cows: a review.
Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
2014; 14 (3): 196-205. doi: 10.2174/1871530314666140527142
346
- 7. Sheldon IM, Williams EJ, Miller ANA, Nash DM, Herath S.
Uterine diseases in cattle after parturition. Veterinary Journal
2008; 176 (1): 115-121. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.031
- 8. Sheldon IM, Lewis GS, LeBlanc S, Gilbert RO. Defining
postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology 2006; 65
(8): 1516-1530. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.08.021
- 9. Gilbert RO. Management of reproductive disease in dairy
cows. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal
Practice 2016; 32 (2): 387-410. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.009
- 10. LeBlanc SJ. Postpartum uterine disease and dairy herd
reproductive performance: A review. Veterinary Journal 2008;
176 (1): 102-114. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.019
- 11. LeBlanc SJ, Duffield TF, Leslie KE, Bateman KG, Keefe GP et
al. Defining and diagnosing postpartum clinical endometritis
and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows.
Journal of Dairy Science 2002; 85 (9): 2223-2236. doi: 10.3168/
jds.S0022-0302(02)74302-6
- 12. LeBlanc SJ, Duffield TF, Leslie KE, Bateman KG, Keefe GP et al.
The effect of treatment of clinical endometritis on reproductive
performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2002; 85
(9): 2237-2249. doi: 10.3168/jds.S00220302(02)74303-8
- 13. Smith BI, Donovan GA, Risco C, Littell R, Young C et
al. Comparison of various antibiotic treatments for cows
diagnosed with toxic puerperal metritis. Journal of Dairy
Science 1998; 81 (6): 1555-1562.
- 14. Nakao T, Moriyoshi M, Kawata K. Effect of post-partum
intrauterine treatment with 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine
solution on reproductive efficiency in cows. Theriogenology
1988; 30 (6): 1033-1043.
- 15. Sannmann I, Burfeind O, Voigtsberger R, Heuwieser W.
Comparison of two monitoring and treatment strategies for
cows with acute puerperal metritis. Theriogenology 2013; 79
(6): 961-969. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.016
- 16. Reppert EJ. Evidence for the use of ceftiofur for treatment of
metritis in dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America:
Food Animal Practice 2015; 31 (1): 139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.
cvfa.2014.11.007
- 17. Haimerl P, Heuwieser W. Invited review: Antibiotic treatment
of metritis in dairy cows: a systematic approach. Journal of
Dairy Science 2014; 97: 1-13. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8462
- 18. Kaufmann TB, Westermann S, Drillich M, Plöntzke J,
Heuwieser W. Systemic antibiotic treatment of clinical
endometritis in dairy cows with ceftiofur or two doses of
cloprostenol in a 14-d interval. Animal Reproduction Science
2010; 121 (1-2): 55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.190
- 19. Paisley LG, Mickelsen WD, Anderson PB. Mechanisms and
therapy for retained fetal membranes and uterine infections of
cows: a review. Theriogenology 1986; 25 (3): 353-381.
- 20. Szenci O. Recent possibilities for diagnosis and treatment
of post parturient uterine diseases in dairy cow. Journal
of Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive
Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biol 2016; 4 (1): 1000170. doi:
10.4172/2375-4508.1000170
- 21. Pohl A, Bertulat S, Borchardt S, Burfeind O, Heuwieser
W. Randomized, controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for the treatment of acute
puerperal metritis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science
2016; 99: 1-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10775
- 22. Hehenberger EM, Doherr MG, Bodmer M, Steiner A,
Hirsbrunner G. Diagnosis and therapy of retained fetal
membranes, puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis in
cattle: Results of the Online-survey among Swiss practitioners.
II. Puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis. Schweizer
Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 2015; 157 (9): 503-512 (in German
with an abstract in English). doi: 10.17236/sat00033
- 23. Sheldon IM, Cronin J, Goetze L, Donofrio G, Schuberth HJ.
Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of
infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in
cattle. Biology of Reproduction 2009; 81 (6): 1025-1032. doi:
10.1095/biolreprod.109.077370
- 24. Haimerl P, Heuwieser W. Antibiotic treatment of metritis in
dairy cows: a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 2017; 97
(11): 6649-6661. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11834
- 25. Ordell A, Unnerstad HE, Nyman A, Gustafsson H, Båge R. A
longitudinal cohort study of acute puerperal metritis cases in
Swedish dairy cows. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2016; 58
(1): 79. doi: 10.1186/s13028-016-0257-9
- 26. Drillich M, Arlt S, Kersting S, Bergwerff AA, Scherpenisse P et
al. Ceftiofur derivatives in serum, uterine tissues, cotyledons,
and lochia after fetal membrane retention. Journal of Dairy
Science 2006; 89 (9): 3431-3438. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-
0302(06)72380-3
- 27. von Krueger X, Scherpenisse P, Roiger S, Heuwieser W.
Determination of ceftiofur derivatives in serum, endometrial
tissue, and lochia in puerperal dairy cows with fever or acute
puerperal metritis after subcutaneous administration of
ceftiofur crystalline free acid. Journal of Dairy Science 2013; 96
(2): 1054-1062. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6034
- 28. Okker H, Schmitt EJ, Vos PLAM, Scherpenisse P, Bergwerff
AA et al. Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur in plasma and
uterine secretions and tissues after subcutaneous postpartum
administration in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary
Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2002; 25 (1): 33-38. doi:
10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00372.x
- 29. Melendez P, McHale J, Bartolome J, Archbald LF, Donovan GA.
Uterine involution and fertility of Holstein cows subsequent to
early postpartum PGF2 alpha treatment for acute puerperal
metritis. Journal of Dairy Science 2004; 87 (10): 3238-3246.
doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73460-8
- 30. Amiridis GS, Leontides L, Tassos E, Kostoulas P, Fthenakis
GC. Flunixin meglumine accelerates uterine involution and
shortens the calving-to-first-oestrus interval in cows with
puerperal metritis. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology
and Therapeutics. 200; 24 (5): 365-367. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-
2885.2001.00358.x
- 31. Drillich M, Voigt D, Forderung D, Heuwieser W. Treatment of
acute puerperal metritis with flunixin meglumine in addition
to antibiotic treatment. Journal of Dairy Science 2007; 90 (8):
3758-63. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0052
- 32. Jeremejeva J, Orro T, Waldmann A, Kask K. Treatment of
dairy cows with PGF2alpha or NSAID, in combination with
antibiotics, in cases of postpartum uterine inflammation. Acta
Veterinaria Scandinavica 2012; 54 (1): 45. doi: 10.1186/1751-
0147-54-45
- 33. Dubuc J, Duffield TF, Leslie KE, Walton JS, LeBlanc SJ.
Randomized clinical trial of antibiotic and prostaglandin
treatments for uterine health and reproductive performance in
dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2011; 94 (3): 1325-1338.
doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3757
- 34. Lefebvre RC, Stock AE. Therapeutic efficiency of antibiotics
and prostaglandin F2α in postpartum dairy cows with clinical
endometritis: an evidence-based evaluation. Veterinary Clinics
of North America: Food Animal Practice 2012; 28 (1): 79-96.
doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2012.01.002
- 35. Okawa H, Fujikura A, Wijayagunawardane MMP, Vos PLAM,
Taniguchi M et al. Effect of diagnosis and treatment of clinical
endometritis based on vaginal discharge score grading system
in postpartum Holstein cows. Journal of Veterinary Medical
Science 2017; 79 (9): 1545-1551. doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0593
- 36. Haimerl P, Heuwieser W, Arlt S. Therapy of bovine endometritis
with prostaglandin F2α: a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy
Science 2013; 96 (5): 2973-2987. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6154
- 37. McDougall S, de Boer M, Compton C, LeBlanc SJ. Clinical
trial of treatment programs for purulent vaginal discharge in
lactating dairy cattle in New Zealand. Theriogenology 2013; 79
(8): 11391145. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.02.002
- 38. Sheldon IM, Noakes DE. Comparison of three treatments for
bovine endometritis. Veterinary Record 1998; 142 (21): 575-
579. doi: 10.1136/vr.142.21.575
- 39. Guerin-Faublee V, Flandrois JP, Broye E, Tupin F, Richard Y.
Actinomyces pyogenes: susceptibility of 103 clinical animal
isolates to 22 antimicrobial agents. Veterinary Research 1993;
24 (3): 251-259.
- 40. Yoshimura H, Kojima A, Ishimaru M. Antimicrobial
susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from cattle
and pigs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 47: 139-143.
- 41. Sheldon IM, Bushnell M, Montgomery J, Rycroft N. Minimum
inhibitory concentrations of some antimicrobial drugs against
bacteria causing uterine infections in cattle. Veterinary Record
2004; 155 (13): 383-387. doi: 10.1136/vr.155.13.383
- 42. Malinowski E, Lassa H, Markiewicz H, Kaptur M, Nadolny
M et al. Sensitivity to antibiotics of Arcanobacterium pyogenes
and Escherichia coli from the uteri of cows with metritis/
endometritis. Veterinary Journal 2011; 187 (2): 234-238. doi:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.010
- 43. Brodzki P, Bochniarz M, Brodzki A, Wrona Z, Wawron W.
Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli as an etiological
factor of endometritis in cows and the susceptibility of these
bacteria to selected antibiotics. Polish Journal of Veterinary
Science 2014; 17 (4): 657-664.
- 44. de Boer M, Heuer C, Hussein H, McDougall S. Minimum
inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobials against
Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes of bovine uterine
origin. Journal of Dairy Science 2015; 98 (7): 4427-4438. doi:
10.3168/jds.2014-8890