Levels of tetracycline residues in cattle meat, liver and kidney from a slaughterhouse in Tabriz, Iran
Levels of tetracycline residues in cattle meat, liver and kidney from a slaughterhouse in Tabriz, Iran
Total of 500 samples from triceps, gluteal and diaphragm muscles, kidney, and liver, were obtained randomly from beef carcasses of a slaughterhouse in Tabriz. We measured oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline (TCs) residues by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Seventy four percent of samples (380 samples) had detectable TCs residues. The mean amounts of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline residues in all samples were 52.2, 33.8, and 125.2 μg/kg, respectively. The mean amounts of total residues of TCs in all meat samples, triceps, gluteal and diaphragm muscles, kidney, and liver were 131.0, 163.1, 63.4, 166.7, 408.1, and 254.9 μg/kg, respectively. Five percent of kidney and liver samples and 21.7% of all samples contained residues more than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of the World Health Organization (WHO). This study indicates presence of different levels of tetracycline residues in the various edible tissues. Regulatory authorities should ensure proper withdrawal period before slaughtering of the animals.
___
- 1. Botsoglou, N.A., Fletouris, D.J.: Drug Residues in Foods: Pharmacology, Food Safety and Analysis. Marcel Dekker, NewYork, 2001; 94-101, 526-529, 985-1001.
- 2. Wilson, J., Otsuki, T., Majumdsar, B.: Balancing food safety and risk: do drug residue limits affect international trade in beef? J. of Int. Trade Econ. Dev., 2003; 12: 377-402.
- 3. Dayan, A.D.: Allergy to antimicrobial residues in food: assessment of the risk to man. Vet. Microbiol., 1993; 35: 213- 226.
- 4. Food Marketing Institute: Antibiotics in Livestock and Poultry Feed. FMI Publ., Washington, DC, U.S.A. 2000.
- 5. Mateu, E., Martin, M.: Why is anti-microbial resistance a veterinary problem as well? J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health, 2001; 48: 569-581.
- 6. Teale, C.J.: Antimicrobial resistance and the food chain. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2002; 92(Suppl.): 85-89.
- 7. van den Bogaard, A.E., Stobberingh, E.E.: Epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics. Links between animals and humans. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2000; 14: 327-335.
- 8. Chambers, H.F.: Protein synthesis inhibitors and miscellaneous antibacterial agents. In: Brunton, L.L., Lazo, J.S., Parker, K.L. Eds.: Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th edn., McGraw Hill, USA. 2006; 1173-1203.
- 9. Brandšteterová, E., Kubalec, P., Bovanoma, L., Šimco, P., Bednáricová, A., Macháčková, L.: SPE and MSPD as preseparation techniques for HPLC of tetracyclines in meat, milk and cheese. Z. Lebensm. Unters. F. A, 1997; 205: 311-315.
- 10. O’Keefe, M.: Methods for Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis in Food. The National Food Centre, Dublin, 1999.
- 11. McDonald, P.D., Bouvier, E.S.P.: A Sample Preparation Primer and Guide to Solid Phase Extraction Methods Development. Waters Publ., U.S.A, 2001.
- 12. Waters Corporation: Environmental and Agrochemical Applications Notebook. Waters Publ., U.S.A., 2002; 11-14.
- 13. Muriuki, F.K., Ogara, W.O., Njeruh, F.M., Mitema, E.S.: Tetracycline residue levels in cattle meat from Nairobi slaughterhouse in Kenya. J. Vet. Sci., 2001; 2: 97-101.
- 14. Oka, H., Ito, Y., Matsumoto, H.: Chromatographic analysis of tetracycline antibiotics in foods. J. Chromatogr. A, 2000; 882: 109-133.
- 15. Canadian Food Inspection Agency: Canada’s Control of Chemical Residues in Live Animals and Animal Products. Canada, 2000.
- 16. National Food Agency (NFA), National Veterinary and Food Research Institute (EELA) and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) of Finland: Results of Residue Examinations of Products of Animal Origin in Finland in 2001. EVI-EELAMMM Publ., Helsinki, 2002.
- 17. World Health Organization: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Fiftieth Meeting: Summary and Conclusions. Rome, 1998.
- 18. World Health Organization: Technical Report Series, Evaluation of Certain Veterinary Drug Residues in Food. Fifty-Fourth Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Geneva, 2001.