Koyunlarında ruminal asidozis olaylarının yemlere sodyum bikarbonat ilavesiyle koruyucu tedavi denemeleri çalışmalar

Bu çalışma asidotik karakterdeki yemlere (buğday ezmesi) 963, %6 ve %9 oranında sodyum bikarbonat katıldıktan sonra koyunların ruminal asidozdan ne derece korunduklarını saptamak amacıyla yapıldı. Bu amaçla, herbiri üç koyundan oluşan dört grup hayvan kullanıldı. Gruplandırma, buğday ezmesine katılan sodyum bikarbonat $(NaHCO_3)$ oranına göre yapıldı. Hayvanlara 4 gün boyunca günde bir kez oral yolla buğday ezmesi-buğday samanı karışımı (Temel rasyon, 90:10) 40gr/kg yedirildi. Bu yemlere değişik oranlarda $NaHCO_3$ ilave edildi. Uygulamalar aşağıdaki şekilde yapıldı: $NaHCO_3$ verilmeyen grup (kontrol, grup I), temel rasyonun %3'ü $NaHC0_3$ verilen grup (grup II), temel rasyonun %6'sı $NaHCO_3$ verilen grup (grup 111), temel rasyonun %9'u $NaHCO_3$ verilen grup (grup IV). İlk yemlemeden önce (0.saat) ve sonraki 4,8,12,24,36,48,60,72 ve 96. saatlerde klinik ve laboratuvar muayeneler yapıldı. Yemlemeden sonraki 4. saatte kontrol ve deneme gruplarının hepsinde rumen pH'larında azalma oluştu. Sekizinci saatte ve sonraki saatlerde kontrol grubunda asidozis saptandı; fakat deneme gruplarında asidozis oluşmadı. Sonuç olarak, karbonhidratça zengin koyun yemlerine %3, %6, %9 sodyum bikarbonat ilavesinin hayvanları ruminal asidozisten koruduğu ve %6 sodyum bikarbonat ilavesinin en uygun olduğu saptandı.

The studies on the experiments of preventive tratment with sodium bicarbonate supplementation to feeds in sheep in which cases of ruminal acidosis

This study was made to determine the degree of protection of sheep against ruminal acidosis after the addition of various concentrations of sodium bicarbonate (3%, 6%, 9%) to acidotic rations (crushed wheat). For this purpose four groups, each group consisting of three animals, were used. This grouping was established according to the rate of sodium bicarbonate ( $NaHCO_3$ ) added to the crushed wheat. Crushed wheat-wheat strax mixture (Base ration, 90; 10, 40 gr/kg) was fed to animals once a day for up to 4 days. $NaHCO_3$ was added to base ration. Treatments were as follows: No treatment (control, group 1), 3% $NaHCO_3$ of base ration (group II), 6% $NaHCO_3$ of base ration (group III), 9% $NaHCO_3$ of base ration (group IV). The clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out before first feeding (Oh) and thereafter 4,8,12,24,36,48,60,72 and 96 hour intervals. At four hours post feeding a decrease in ruminal pH values occured in control and trial groups. At eight hours and afterwards acidosis was detected in the control group but not in the trial groups. As a result, it was determined that the addition of 3%, 6%, or 9% sodium bicarbonate into the sheep ration rich for carbonhydrates would prevent the animals from ruminal acidosis and the adidition of 6% sodium Bicarbonate would be most proper.

PDF

___

1. Braun, U., Rihs, T. and Schefur, U.: Ruminal Lactic Acidosis in Sheep and Goats. Vet. Rec. 1992; 130: 343-349.
2. Chriclow, E.C. and Chaplin, R.K.: Ruminal Lactic Acidosis: Relationship of Forestomach Motility to Nondissociated Volatile Fatty Acids Levels. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1984; 46: 1908.
3. Blood, D.C.H., Radostits, O.M.: Veterinary Medicine. Seventh Edition. Bailliere Tindall. London, Philadelphia, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto. 246-259, 1989.
4. Brent, B.E.: Relationship of Acidosis to Other Ailments. J. Anim. Sci. 1976; 43, 4:931-935.
5. Howard, L.C.: Ruminal Metabolic Acidosis. Bov. Pract. 1981; 6: 44-52.
6. Dunlop, R.H.: D-Lactic Acidosis of Ruminants. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1965; 119: 1109.
7. Hungate, R.E., Dougherty, R.W., Bryant, M.P. and Cello, R.M.: Microbiological and Physiological Changes Associated With Acut Indigestion in Sheep. Cornell. Vet. 1952; 42: 423.
8. Ryan, R.K. Concentrations of Glukose and low Molecular Weight Acids in the Rumen of Sheep Following the addition of Large Amounts of wheat to the Rumen. Am. J. Vet. Res. (1964a), 25: 646.
9. Cao, G.R., English, P.B., Flippich, L.J. and Inglis, S.: Experimentally Induced Lactic Acidosis in the Goat. Aust. Vet. J. 1987; 64. 12: 367-370.
10. Patra, R.C., Lal, S.B., Swarup, D.: Physiochemical Alterations in Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine in Experimental Lactic Acidosis in Sheep. Res. Vet. Sci. 1993; 54: 217-220.
11. Broberg, G.: Acut Overeating With Cereal in Ruminants. Ab. Lovisa. Nya Tryckeri-Lovisa, 1960.
12. Common Wealth Scientific and Indrustial Research Organization. Toxity of Large Rations of Wheat. Ann. Repts. 1-11, 1949- 1959.
13. Haskins, S.c.: An Overview of Acid - Base Physiology. J.A.V.M.A. 1977; 170. 4:423-428.
14. Kaneko, J.J.: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Third Edition. Academic Press, Inc. Orlondo, San Diego, New York, London, Toronto, Monreal, Sydney, Tokyo. p. 401-446, 1980.
15. Telle, P.O. and Preston, R.L. Ovine Lactic Acidosis: Intraruminal and Systemic. J. Anim. Sci. 1971; 33: 698.
16. Suber, R.L., Hentges, J.F., Gudat, J.C., and Edds, G.T.: Blood and Ruminal Fluid Profiles in Carbonhydrate Foundered Cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1979; 40. 7: 1005-1008.
17. Tasker, J.B.: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Abnormalites in Cattle. J.A.V.M.A. 1969; 155.12: 1906-1909.
18. Cakala, S., Brokowski, T. and Alybrychta, A.: Rumen Acidosis in Sheep Induced Various Doses of Sucrose. Archiwum Weternaryjne. 1974; 17: 117-130.
19. Choudri, P.C., Randhawa, S. Sand Mishra, S.K.: Effect of Lactic Acidosis on Electrolyte Changes in Blood and Rumen Liqour in Buffalo Calves. Zbl. Vet. Med. 1980; 27A, 358-363.
20. Börkü, M.K. ve İmren, H.Y.: Koyunların Ruminal Asidozisinde Klinik Hematolojik Bulgular ve İntravenöz Sıvı Tedavisi. Doğa TU Vet. ve Hay. 1989; D.13.3.
21. Morrow, L.L., Tumbhleson, M.E., Kinker, L.D., Pfanter, W.H. and Preston, R.L.: Laminitis in Lambs Injected With Lactic Acid. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1973; 34.10: 1305-1307.
22. Harvey, R.W., Wise., M.B. Blumer, T.N. and Barrick, E.R.: Influence of Added Roughage and Chlortetracycline to All Concentrate Rations For Fattening Steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1968; 27: 5.
23. Huber, T.L.: Lactic Acidosis Prevention by Ruminal Inoculation. J. Anim. Sci. 1973; 36: 226.
24. Pryor, W.J. and Lawst, L.: Feeding Wheat to Cattle. Austs. Vet. J. 1972; 48: 500.
25. Cooling, D.P., Britton, R.A., Farlin., S.D. and Nielsen, M.K.: Effects of Adding Sodium Bentonite to High Grain Diets for Ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 1979; 48.3: 642-648.
26. Emery, R.S. and Brown., L.D.: Effect of Feeding Sodium and Potassium Bicarbonate on Milk Fat, Rumen pH and Volatile Fatty Acid Production and Physiology in Early Lactaiton. J. Dairy Sci. 1980; 63: 923.
27. Erdman, R.A., Botts, R.L., Hemken, R.W. and Bull., L.S.: Effect of Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Oxide on Production and Physiology in Early Lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 1980; 63: 923.
28. Nicholson, J.W.G., Cunningham, H.M. and Friend, D.W.: Effect of Adding Buffers to All concentrate Rations on Feedlot Performance of Steers, Ration Digestibility and Intrarumen Environment.: J. Anim. Sci. 1963; 22: 368.
29. Rogers, J.A., Davis, L. and Clara, J.H.: Alteration, Milk Fat Synthesis and Nutrient Utilitizitation With Minerals Salts in Dairy Cows. J. Dairy. Sci. 1982; 65: 577.
30. Solorzono, L.C., Armentano, L.E., Grummer, R.R., Dentine, M.R.: Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate or Sodium Sesquicarbonate on Lactating Holsteins Fed a High Grain Diet. J. Dairy. Sci. 1988; 72: 453-461.
31. Tucker, W.B., Xin, Z. and Hemken, R.W.: Influence of Dietary Calcium Chloride on Adaptive Changes Acid- Base Status and Mineral Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed a Diet High in Sodium bicarbonate. J. Dairy Sci. 1988; 71: 1587.
32. Erdman, R.A.: Dietary Buffering Requirements of the Lactating Dairy Cow. A Review. J. Dairy Sci. 1988; 71: 3246-3266.
33. Şenel, H.S.: Ruminant Rasyonlarında Sodyum bikarbonatın Kullanılması. Hayvan Beslenemede Sodyum Bikarbonat Sempozyumu Kitapçığı. 1992; 21-23. Şişecam. Silivri-İstanbul.
34. Esdale, W.J. and Satter, L.D.: Manipulation of Ruminal Fermentation IV. Effect of Altering Ruminal pH on Volatile Fatty Acid Production. J. Dairy Sci. 1971; 55.7: 964-970.
35. Kilmer, L.H., Muller, L.D. and Synder, T.J.: Addition of Sodium Bicarbonate to Rations of Postpartum Dairy Cows: Physiological and Metabolic Effects. J. Dairy Sci. 1981; 64: 2357-2369.
36. West, J.W. Coppock, C.E., Nave, D.H., Labore, J.M., Greene, L.W.: Potassium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate on Rumen Function in Lactating Holstein Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1987; 70: 81-90.
37. Curnick, K.E., Muller, L.D., Rogers, J.A., Synder, J.A., Synder, T.J. and Sweney, T.F.: Addition of Sodium Bicarbonate to Calf Starter Rations Varying in Protein Percent. J. Anim. Sci. 1983; 66: 2149-2160.
38. Erdman, R.A., Hemken, R.W. and Bull, L.S.: Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Oxide for Early Postpartum Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects on Production, Acid-Base Metabolism and Digestion. J. Dairy Sci. 1982; 65: 712.
39. Coppock, C.E., Schelling, G.T., Byers, F.M., West, J.W. and Labore, J.M.: A Naturally Occuring Mineral as Buffer in the Diet of Lactating Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1986; 69: 111.
40. Escobosa, A and Coppock, C.E: Effects of Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate and Calcium Chloride on Physiological Responses of Lactating Dairy Cows in Hot Weather. J. Dairy Sci. 1984; 67: 574.
41. Rogers, J.A., Muller, L.D., Davis, C.L., Chalupa, W., Kronfield, D.S., Krocher, L.F. and Cummings, W.R.: Response of Dairy Cows to Sodium Bicarbonate and Limestone in Early Lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 1985; 68: 646.
42. Staples, C.R., Emmanuele, S.M., Ventura, M. and Beede, D.: Effects of a New Multielement Buffer on Production, Ruminal Environment and Blood Minerals of Lactating Dariy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1988; 71: 1573-1586.
43. Dunn, B.H., Emerick, R.J. and Embry, L.B.: Sodium Bentonite and Sodium Bicarbonate in HighConcentrate Diets for Lambs and Steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1972; 48.4: 764-769.
44. Worley, R.R., Peterson, J.A., Coffey., K.P., Bowmen, P.K. and Wiliams, J.E.: The Effects of Corn Silage Dry Matter Content and Sodium Bicarbonate Addition On Nutrient Digestion and Growth by Lambs and Calves. J. Anim. Sci. 1986; 63: 1728-1736.
45. Kay, M.b., Fell, F. and Boyne, R.: The Relationship Between the Acidity of the Rumen Contents and Rumenitis in Calves Fed on Barley. Res. Vet. Sci. 1969; 10: 181.
46. Emmanuel, B., Lawlor., M.J. and Mc Aleese, D.C.: The Effect of Phosphate and Carbonate-Bicarbonate Supplements on the Rumen Buffering System of Sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 1970; 24: 653.
47. İmren, H.Y.: Sığırlarda Sindirim Bozukluklarında Rumen İçeriğinin Tetkiki ve Tedavideki Rolü. “Doktora Tezi”. A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Yay. No.347, Lalahan Zoot. Arş. Enst. Den. Çift. Med. Basım Servisi-Ankara, 1978.
48. Pryce, J.D.A.: Modification of the Barker -Summerson Method for the Determination of Lactic Acid Analyst. 1969; 94: 1151- 1152.
49. Hand, D.J. and Taylor, C.C.: Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Repeated Measures. The Inst. of Psyc iatri de Crespigny Park. London, 1987.
50. Mackenzie, D.D.S.: Production and Utilization of Lactic Acid by the Ruminant. A Review. J. Dairy Sci. 1967; 50: 1772.
51. Dirksen, G.: Rumen Acidosis in Cattle. Veterinary Medical Review. 1965; 2: 98-125.
52. Vestweber, J.G.E., Leipold, H.W. and Smith, J.E.: Ovine Ruminal Acidosis: Clinical Studies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1974; 35.12: 1587-1590.
53. Shaw, F.D. Pryor, W.J.: Feeding to Cattle. Aust. Vet. J. 1972; 48: 504-507.
54. Ghorbani, G.R., Jackson, J.A. and Hemken, R.W.: Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Sesquicarbonate on Animal Performance, Ruminal Metabolism and Systemic Acid-Base Status. J. Dairy Sci. 1989; 72: 2039-2045.
55. Emery, R.S., Brown, L.D. and Thomas, J.W.: Effect of Sodium and Calcium Carbonates on Milk Production and composition of Milk, Blood and Rumen Contents of Cows Fed Grain ad Libitum With Restricted Roughage. J. Dairy Sci. 1964; 47: 1352.
56. Huber, T.L.: Effect of Acut Indigestion on Compartmental Water Volumes and Osmolality in Sheep. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1971; 32: 887.