Osman BİÇER, Tuğrul MASATCIOĞLU, Zehra GÜLER, Sabri GUL, Mahmut KESGİN

Effects of breed and lactation period on some characteristics and free fatty acid composition of raw milk from Damascus Goats and German Fawn × Hair goat B1 crossbreds

Bu çalışmada, ırk ve laktasyon peryodunun süt kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaç için 8 Alman Alaca X Kıl keçi melezleri ve 10 Şam keçisi aynı şartlar altında yetiştirilmiştir. Laktasyon periyodu, her iki keçi ırkında süt verimi ve kompozisyonu etkiledi. Bunun yanı sıra süt verimi, laktasyon süresi, ortalama kurumadde ve yağ içeriği de ırklar arasında farklılıklar gösterdi. Melez ve Şam keçilerinin laktasyon süresince ortalama kurumadde ve yağ değerleri sırasıyla % 13,8 ü 0,294; % 4,55 ü 0,223 ve % 12,90 ü 0,179; % 4,02 ü 0,142 olarak belirlenmiştir. Laktasyon süresince her iki ırkın sürlerindeki kısa zincirli yağ asit (C4 - C8) yüzdeleri değişmemesine rağmen diğer yağ asitleri (C10 - C18:3) önemli düzeyde değişmiştir (P ≤0,05, P ≤0,01). Mart ayından Eylül’e kadar her iki ırkdaki en önemli yağ asitlerini yüzdelerini heksadekanoik (C16), 9-oktadekenoik (C18:1), oktadekanoik (C18), tetradekanoik (C14), dekanoik (C10) ve dokenoik (C12) oluşturmuştur. Fakat laktasyonun son iki ayında tetradekanoik asit yüzdesi oktadekanoik asitten daha fazla olmuştur.

Damaskus (Şam) keçileri ve Alman Alaca × Kıl Keçi (G1) melezlerin sütlerindeki serbest yağ asitleri ve bazı nitelikler üzerine ırkın ve laktasyon periyodunun etkileri

The effects of breed and period of lactation on milk composition were investigated. For this purpose, 8 crossbred (3/4 German fawn 1/4 Hair goat) and 10 Damascus goats were kept under identical management conditions. Lactation period affected milk yield and milk composition in both goat breeds. Milk yield, lactation duration, and mean solid and fat values showed differences between the breeds. The mean values of total solid and fat of milk during lactation were 13.82 ± 0.294% and 4.55 ± 0.223% for the crossbreds, and 12.90 ± 0.179% and 4.02 ± 0.142% for Damascus goats, respectively. Although the percentages of shortchain free fatty acids (FFAs) (C4 to C8) in the milk of both breeds did not change during lactation, the other FFAs (C10-C18:3) significantly varied (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01). The results showed that hexadecanoic (C16), 9-octadecenoic (C18:1), octadecanoic (C18), tetradecanoic (C14), decanoic (C10), and decanoic (C12) FFAs were the most predominant FFAs in the milk of both breeds from March through September, but octadecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid shifted during the last 2 months of lactation.

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