Vidya NIMBALKAR, Harish Kumar VERMA, Jaswinder SINGH, Suresh Kumar KANSAL

Awareness and adoption level of subclinical mastitis diagnosis among dairy farmers of Punjab, India

: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a major and silent problem of public health concern. It causes higher economic losses with no initial visible changes in the appearance of milk or udder. Subclinically affected animals always remain a continuous source of infection. Most of the clinical mastitis (CM) cases start as subclinical; hence controlling SCM is the best way to reduce the incidence of diseases. A crosssectional study was carried out during 2018–19 in six districts from different agroclimatic zones of Punjab, India to describe awareness about various technologies and its adoption to diagnose SCM. The multistage random technique was used to select dairy farmers (n = 600). A personal interview technique with the pretested schedule was used to collect information after obtaining participation consent. Around 13% of respondents were aware of SCM diagnosis technologies and very few (6.67%) were implementing the same at their farms. Family size (Odds Ratio – OR 2.44), dairy income (OR 13.67), landholding (OR 2.13), herd size (OR 6.45) and extension contacts are likely to affect the probability of SCM diagnosis adoption. A significant difference (P < 0.01) was seen on overall CM incidence at farms level (38.33%), among which 10.00% was on technology adopter farms. Five percent of adopter farms had no incidence of disease. From 600 dairy farms, 3179 dairy animals were exposed and 378 were suffered from CM (12.05%). A significant difference (P < 0.01) was found for incidence rate, number of animals affected and exposed to CM among three categories of farms such as 1) technology adopters with no incidence (n = 17), 2) technology adopters with incidence (n = 23), and 3) technology nonadopters with incidence (n = 207). The study confirmed the potential and direct role of SCM diagnosis on reducing CM incidence, however poor awareness coupled with financial status may be the reason limiting adoption, which can be accelerated through comprehensive extension approach for producing clean milk to society

PDF

___

1. Quddus MA. Adoption of dairy farming technologies by small farm holders: practices and constraints. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 2012; 41 (2): 124-135.
2. Siddiky MNA. Dairying in South Asian region: opportunities, challenges and way forward. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 2017; 15 (1): 173-187.
3. Government of India, 19th Livestock Census – All India Report. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying; 2012.
4. Chander M, Dutt T, Ravikumar R, Subrahmanyeswari B. Livestock technology transfer service in India: a review. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 2010; 80: 1115-1125.
5. Swami SV, Patil RA, Gadekar SD. Studies on the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis in dairy animals. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5 (4): 1297-1300.
6. Ratafia M. Worldwide opportunities in genetically engineered vaccines. Biotechnology 1987; 5: 1154.
7. Sharma N, Gurdeep S, Zul-I-Huma, Sharma S, Misri J et al. Mastitis occurrence pattern in dairy cows and importance of related risk factors in the occurrence of mastitis. Journal of Animal Research 2018; 8 (2): 315-326.
8. Dhanda MR, Sethi MS. Investigation of mastitis in India. Series no. 35. New Delhi, India: Indian Council of Agricultural Research; 1962.
9. Dua K. Incidence, etiology and estimated economic losses due to mastitis in Punjab and in India- an update. Indian Dairyman 2000; 53: 41-48.
10. Bardhan D. Estimates of economic losses due to clinical mastitis in organized dairy farms. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 2013; 66 (2): 168-172.
11. Chanda A, Roy CR, Bannerjee P, Guha C. Studies on incidence of bovine mastitis, its diagnosis, etiology and in-vitro sensitivity of the isolated pathogens. Indian Veterinary Journal 1989; 66: 277-282.
12. Awale MM, Dudhatra GB, Avinash K, Chauhan BN, Kamani D et al. Bovine mastitis: a threat to economy. Open Access Scientific Reports 2012; 1 (5): 295.
13. Tripti K, Champak B, Rajeev KC. A Review on subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. International Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 2018; 6 (2): 1291-1299.
14. Jones GM, Bailey TL. Understanding the basics of mastitis. Virginia Cooperative Extension 2009; 404 (233): 1-5.
15. Kalorey DR. Future prospects for mastitis control. In: Proceedings of VIII Annual conference of Indian Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Research; Ludhiana, India; 2001. pp. 81-85.
16. Wattiaux MA. Mastitis: The disease and its transmission. Dairy Essentials, Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2011; 89-92.
17. Varshney JP, Naresh R. Evaluation of homeopathic complex in the clinical management of udder diseases of riverine buffaloes. Homeopathy 2004; 93 (1): 17-20.
18. Bangar YC, Singh B, Dohare AK, Verma MR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in India. Tropical Animal Health & Production 2014; 47 (2): 291-297.
19. Kumar D. Evaluation of selected field trainees of dairy development department of Punjab. MVSc, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 2009.
20. Malik MH. Economic losses due to selected diseases of dairy animals in Punjab. Ph D, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 2018.
21. Batra TR, McAllister AJ. A comparison of mastitis detection methods in dairy cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Sciences 1984; 64: 305-310.
22. Sudhan NA, Sharma N. Mastitis – an important production disease of dairy animals. SMVS’ (Ghaziabad. it will be Serva Manav Vikas Samiti, Gaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; 2010) Dairy Year Book. Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India 2010. pp. 72-78.
23. Langer A, Sharma S, Sharma NK, Nauriyal DS. Comparative efficacy of different mastitis markers for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cows. International Journal Application Science Biotechnology 2014; 2 (2): 121-125.
24. Sharma N, Maiti SK, Pandey V. Sensitivity of indirect tests in the detection of sub-clinical mastitis in buffaloes. Veterinary Practitioner 2008; 9 (1): 29-31.
25. Griffioen K, Geralda EH, Manon MCH, Annet GJV, Theo JGM et al. ‘Dutch dairy farmers’ need for microbiological mastitis diagnostics. Journal of Dairy Science 2016; 99 (7): 5551-5561.
26. Byarugaba DK, Nakavuma JL, Vaarst M, Laker C. Mastitis occurrence and constraints to mastitis control in smallholder dairy farming systems in Uganda. Livestock Research for Rural Development 2008; 20 (1).
27. Chelkeba SD, Misganaw AT, Efrem AG, Beza EE, Addisu BA. Adoption and impacts of dairy production technologies in Southwest Ethiopia: the cases of Jimma and Ilu-Ababora zones. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 2016; 6 (7): 1-12.
28. Pindyck RS, Rubinfeld DL. Econometric models and economic forecasts. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill; 1981.
29. Gangil D. Assessment of short message advisory service developed for the dairy farmers of Punjab. PhD Dissertation, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 2019.
30. Mdegela RH, Ryoba R, Karimuribo ED, Phiri EJ, Løken T et al. Prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis and quality of milk on smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 2009; 80 (3): 1-6.
31. Mathialagan P, Kumarasan G. Farm women participatory on-farm trial (OFT) on prevention and control of mastitis in dairy cattle. Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science Research 2015; 44: 110-115.
32. Rathod P, Shivamurty V, Channappagouda B. Prevention and control of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy animals participatory on-farm trial (OFT) in Bidar district of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Livestock Research 2017; 7 (12): 263-272.
33. Mpatswenumugabo JP, Bebora LC, Gitao GC, Mobegi VA, Iraguha B et al. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and distribution of pathogens in dairy farms of Rubavu and Nyabihu districts, Rwanda. Hindawi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2017; 1-8.
34. Feder G, Just RE, Zilberman D. Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries: a survey. Economic Development and Cultural Change 1985; 33 (2): 255-298.
35. Kaaya H, Bashaasha B, Mutetikka D. Determinants of utilization of artificial insemination (AI) services among Ugandan dairy farmers. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings 2005; 7: 561-567.
36. Dehinenet G, Mekonnen H, Kidoido M, Ashenafi M, Guerne BE. Factors influencing adoption of dairy technology on small holder dairy farmers in selected zones of Amhara and Oromia National Regional States, Ethiopia. Discourse Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 2014; 2 (5): 126-135.