Hossein HASSANPOUR, Abdol Karim ZAMANI MOGHADAM, Hamed ZAREI, Neda TAGHAVI

Acetic acid modulates induction of pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens: based on electrocardiographic parameters

To clarify the effect of acetic acid on the electrocardiographic parameters of pulmonary hypertensive broilers, chicks were reared at high altitude and treated with acetic acid (0.4 and 0.9 g/L) for 45 days. The right ventricle-to-total ventricle ratio was noted as an index of pulmonary hypertension that was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the treated groups. S amplitudes were significantly decreased only at 36 days (leads II and III) and 45 days (lead aVF) in many treated groups. There were significant (P < 0.05) reductions of T amplitudes at 28 days (leads aVR and aVL) and 36 days (lead aVL), and significant elevations of QRS (leads II, III, and aVF) and QT intervals (leads II, aVR, aVL, and aVF) at different ages of many treated groups. R amplitudes were significant (P < 0.05) at 28 days (leads aVL and aVF, at both doses of acetic acid), 36 days (leads aVR and aVL, at 0.4 g/L of acetic acid), and 45 days (lead aVR, at both doses of acetic acid). The RR interval also significantly increased at 28 days (leads aVR and aVL) and 45 days (lead aVL). It was concluded that acetic acid modulates induction of ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, and arrhythmia. These effects are detectable in many electrocardiographic parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Acetic acid, electrocardiographic parameters, broiler, altitude, pulmonary hypertension

Acetic acid modulates induction of pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens: based on electrocardiographic parameters

Keywords:

Key words: Acetic acid, electrocardiographic parameters, broiler, altitude, pulmonary hypertension,

PDF

___

Balog, J.M.: Ascites syndrome (pulmonary hypertension syndrome) in broiler chickens: are we seeing the light at the end of the tunnel? Avi. Poult. Biol. Rev., 2003; 14: 99-126.
Jones, G.P.: Response of broilers susceptible to ascites when grown in high and low oxygen environments. Brit. J. Poult. Sci., 1995; 36: 123-33.
Hernandez, A.: Hypoxic ascites in broilers: a review of several studies done in Colombia. Avi. Dis., 1987; 31: 658-61.
Van Immerseel, F., Fievez, V., de Buck, J., Pasmans, F., Martel, A., Haesebrouck, F., Ducatelle, R.: Microencapsulated short- chain fatty acids in feed modify colonization and invasion early aft er infection with Salmonella enteritidis in young chickens. Poult. Sci., 2004; 83: 69-74.
Van Der Wielen, P.W., Biesterveld, S., Notermans, S., Hofstra, H., Urlings, B.A., van Knapen, F.: Role of volatile fatty acids in development of the cecal microfl ora in broiler chickens during growth. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2000; 66: 2536-2540.
Leeson, S., Namkung, H., Antongiovanni, M., Lee, E.H.: Eff ect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 2005; 84: 1418-1422.
Suokas, A., Kupari, M., Heikkil, J., Lindros, K., Ylikahri, R.: Acute cardiovascular and metabolic eff ects of acetate in men. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 1988; 12: 52-58.
National Research Council: Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 1994; 19-35.
Cueva, S., Sillau, H., Vaenzuela, A., Ploog, H.: High altitude induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure in broiler chickens. Res. Vet. Sci., 1974; 16: 370-374.
Wideman, R.F.: Pathophysiology of heart/lung disorders: pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broiler chickens. World Poult. Sci., 2001; 57: 289-305.
Dukes, H.H., Reece, W., Swenson, M.G.: Dukes’ Physiology of Domestic Animals, 11th ed. 2004; 453-491.
Starnes, J.W., Wilson, D.F., Erecinska, M.: Substrate dependence of metabolic state and coronary fl ow in perfused rat heart. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 1985; 249: H799-H806.
Kiviluoma, K.T., Karhunen, M., Lapinlampi, T., Peuhkurinen, K.J., Hassinen, I.E.: Acetate-induced changes in cardiac energy metabolism and hemodynamics in the rat. Basic Res. Cardiol., 1988; 83: 431-444.
Amore, A., Cirina, P., Mitola, S., Peruzzi, L., Bonaudo, R., Gianoglio, B., Coppo, R.: Acetate intolerance is mediated by enhanced synthesis of nitric oxide by endothelial cells. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 1997; 8: 1431-1436.
Carmichael, F.J., Saldivia, V., Varghese, G.A., Israel, Y., Orrego, H.: Ethanol-induced increase in portal blood fl ow: role of acetate and A1- and A2-adenosine receptors. Am. J. Physiol., 1988; 255: 417-423.
Julian, R.J.: Physiological, management and environmental triggers of the ascites syndrome: a review. Avi. Pathol., 2000; 29: 519-527.
Samaja, M., Crespi, T., Guazzi, M., Vandegriff , K.D.: Oxygen transport in blood at high altitude: role of the hemoglobin- oxygen affi nity and impact of the phenomena related to hemoglobin allosterism and red cell function. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 2003; 90: 351-359.
Hassanpour, H., Moghaddam, A.K., Zarei, H.: Eff ect of citric acid on electrocardiographic parameters of broiler chickens with pulmonary hypertension. Acta Vet. Hung., 2009; 57: 229- 38.
Odom, T.W., Hargis, B.M., Lopez, C.C., Arce, M.J., Ono, Y., Avila, G.E.: Use of electrocardiographic analysis for investigation of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Avi. Dis., 1991; 35: 738-744.
Odom, T.W., Rosenbaum, L.M. Hargis, B.M. Evaluation of vectorelectrocardiographic analysis of young broiler chickens as a predictive index for susceptibility to ascites syndrome. Avi. Dis., 1992; 36: 78-83.
Owen, R.L., Wideman, R.F., Leach, R.M., Cowen, B.S., Dunn, P.A., Ford, B.C.: Physiologic and electrocardiographic changes occurring in broilers reared at high altitude. Avi. Dis., 1995; 39: 108-115.
Wideman, R.F., Kirby, Y.K.: A pulmonary artery clamp model for inducing pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers. Poult. Sci., 1995; 74: 805-812.
Wideman, R.F., Kirby, Y.K.: Evidence of a ventilation perfusion mismatch during acute unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion in broilers. Poult. Sci., 1995; 74: 1209-1217.
Wideman, R.F., Kirby, Y.K.: Electrocardiographic evaluation of broilers during the onset of pulmonary hypertension initiated by unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion. Poult. Sci., 1996; 75: 407-416.
Martinez, L.A., Jeff rey, J.S., Odom, T.W.: Electrocardiographic diagnosis of cardiomyopathies in Aves. Avi. Poult. Biol. Rev., 1997; 8: 9-20.
Hassanpour, H., Teshfam, M., Modirsanei, M., Emadi, L.: Comparative studies of the electrocardiographic parameters, mean electrical axis (MEA) and cardiac index (RV/TV) in normal and experimentally ascites (using cold) groups of broilers. Proceedings of the ISAH Congress Warsaw, Poland, Vol. 2, 2005; 18-20.
Cinar, A., Belge, F., Donmez, N., Tas, A., Selcuk, M., Tatar, M.: Eff ects of stress produced by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on ECG and some blood parameters in vitamin C treated and non-treated chickens. Veterinarski Arhiv., 2006; 76: 227-235.
Schamroth, L.: An introduction to electrocardiography, 6th ed. Johannesburg, South Africa. 1985; 65-79.