Nergiz Hacer TURGUT, Haki KARA, Emre ARSLANBAŞ, Derya Güliz MERT, Bektaş TEPE, Hüseyin GÜNGÖR

Effect of Capparis spinosa L. on cognitive impairment induced by D-galactosein mice via inhibition of oxidative stress

Background/aim: To determine the phenolic acid levels and DNA damage protection potential of Capparis spinosa L. seed extract and to investigate the effect of the extract on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in an Alzheimer disease mice model. Materials and methods: Thirty BALB/c mice divided into 5 groups (control??, D-galactose, D-galactose + C. spinosa 50, D-galactose + C. spinosa 100, D-galactose + C. spinosa 200) were used. Mice were administered an injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and orally administered C. spinosa (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks. Results: Syringic acid was detected and the total amount was 204.629 μg/g. Addition of 0.05 mg/mL C. spinosa extract provided significant protection against the damage of DNA bands. C. spinosa attenuated D-galactose-induced learning dysfunctions in mice and significantly increased memory retention. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities decreased in the D-galactose group. C. spinosa (200 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased MDA level and increased SOD, GPx, and CAT activities. Conclusion: These results show that C. spinosa has the potential in ameliorating cognitive deficits induced by D-galactose in mice and the antioxidant activity may partially account for the improvement of learning and memory function.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Alzheimer disease, Capparis spinosa L., D-galactose, oxidative stress, cognitive impairment

Effect of Capparis spinosa L. on cognitive impairment induced by D-galactosein mice via inhibition of oxidative stress

Keywords:

Alzheimer disease, Capparis spinosa L., D-galactose, oxidative stress, cognitive impairment,

PDF

___

Zhao Y, Zhao B. Oxidative stress and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013; 2013: 316523. 2. Querfurth HW, LaFerla FM. Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 329–344.
Santos DB, Peres KC, Ribeiro RP, Colle D, dos Santos AA, Moreira EL, Souza DO, Figueiredo CP, Farina M. Probucol, a lipid-lowering drug, prevents cognitive and hippocampal synaptic impairments induced by amyloid β peptide in mice. Exp Neurol 2012; 233: 767–775.
Yoo DY, Kim W, Lee CH, Shin BN, Nam SM, Choi JH, Won MH, Yoon YS, Hwang IK. Melatonin improves D-galactose- induced aging effects on behavior, neurogenesis, and lipid peroxidation in the mouse dentate gyrus via increasing pCREB expression. J Pineal Res 2012; 52: 21–28.
Lei Y, Fu W, Chen J, Xiong C, Wu G, Wei H, Ruan J. Neuroprotective effects of Abacopterin E from Abacopteris penangiana against oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134: 275–280.
He M, Zhao L, Wei MJ, Yao WF, Zhao HS, Chen FJ. Neuroprotective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on aging mice induced by D-galactose. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32: 55–60.
Deng HB, Cui DP, Jiang JM, Feng YC, Cai NS, Li DD. Inhibiting effects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model. Biomed Environ Sci 2003; 16: 267–275.
Duman E, Özcan MM. Physicochemical properties of seeds of Capparis species growing wild in Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 2014; 186: 2393–2398.
Arena A, Bisignano G, Pavone B, Tomaino A, Bonina FP, Saija A, Cristani M, D’Arrigo M, Trombetta D. Antiviral and immunomodulatory effect of a lyophilized extract of Capparis spinosa L. buds. Phytother Res 2008; 22: 313–317.
Trombetta D, Occhiuto F, Perri D, Puglia C, Santagati NA, De Pasquale A, Saija A, Bonina F. Antiallergic and antihistaminic effect of two extracts of Capparis spinosa L. flowering buds. Phytother Res 2005; 19: 29–33.
Bonina F, Puglia C, Ventura D, Aquino R, Tortora S, Sacchi A, Saija A, Tomaino A, Pellegrino ML, de Caprariis P. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo photoprotective effects of a lyophilized extract of Capparis spinosa L. buds. J Cosmet Sci 2002; 53: 321– 335.
Germanò MP, De Pasquale R, D’Angelo V, Catania S, Silvari V, Costa C. Evaluation of extracts and isolated fraction from Capparis spinosa L. buds as an antioxidant source. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50: 1168–1171.
Huseini HF, Hasani-Rnjbar S, Nayebi N, Heshmat R, Sigaroodi FK, Ahvazi M, Alaei BA, Kianbakht S. Capparis spinosa L. (caper) fruit extract in treatment of type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21: 447–452.
Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel JB. Hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L. in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98: 345–350.
Panico AM, Cardile V, Garufi F, Puglia C, Bonina F, Ronsisvalle G. Protective effect of Capparis spinosa on chondrocytes. Life Sci 2005; 77: 2479–2488.
Cao YL, Li X, Zheng M. Capparis spinosa protects against oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 302: 349–355.
Rodrigo M, Lazaro MJ, Alvarruiz A, Giner V. Composition of capers (Capparis spinosa): influence of cultivar, size and harvest date. J Food Sci 1992; 57: 1152–1154.
Matthäus B, Ozcan M. Glucosinolates and fatty acid, sterol, and tocopherol composition of seed oils from Capparis spinosa var. spinosa and Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens (Coss.) Heywood. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53: 7136–7141.
Lam SK, Ng TB. A protein with antiproliferative, antifungal and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from caper (Capparis spinosa) seeds. Phytomedicine 2009; 16: 444– 450.
Duman E, Ozcan MM. Mineral contents of seed and seed oils of Capparis species growing wild in Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 2014; 186: 239–245.
Sokmen A, Jones BM, Erturk M. The in vitro antibacterial activity of Turkish plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 67: 79–86.
Öztürk N, Tunçel M, Tunçel NB. Determination of phenolic acids by a modified HPLC: its application to various plant materials. J Liq Chromatogr R T 2008; 30: 587–596.
Russo A, Acquaviva R, Campisi A, Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Virgata G, Barcellona ML, Vanella A. Bioflavonoids as antiradicals, antioxidants and DNA cleavage protectors. Cell Biol Toxicol 2000; 16: 91–98.
Kumar A, Prakash A, Dogra S. Centella asiatica attenuates D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011: 347569.
Yi ZJ, Fu YR, Li M, Gao KS, Zhang XG. Effect of LTA isolated from bifidobacteria on D-galactose-induced aging. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44: 760–765.
Morris RG, Garrud P, Rawlins JN, O’Keefe J. Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Nature 1982; 297: 681–683.
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979; 95: 351–358.
Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248– 254.
de la Monte SM, Tong M. Brain metabolic dysfunction at the core of Alzheimer’s disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88: 548–559.
Praticò D, Sung S. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative imbalance: early functional events in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2004; 6: 171–175.
Williams TI, Lynn BC, Markesbery WR, Lovell MA. Increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and acrolein, neurotoxic markers of lipid peroxidation, in the brain in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 2006; 27: 1094–1099.
Padurariu M, Ciobica A, Hritcu L, Stoica B, Bild W, Stefanescu C. Changes of some oxidative stress markers in the serum of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2010; 469: 6–10.
Narayan C, Kumar A. Antineoplastic and immunomodulatory effect of polyphenolic components of Achyranthes aspera (PCA) extract on urethane induced lung cancer in vivo. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41: 179–191.
Loke WM, Proudfoot JM, Hodgson JM, McKinley AJ, Hime N, Magat M, Stocker R, Croft KD. Specific dietary polyphenols attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice by alleviating inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30: 749–757.
Kumar BP, Kannan MM, Quine DS. Litsea deccanensis ameliorates myocardial infarction in Wistar rats: evidence from biochemical and histological studies. J Young Pharm 2011; 3: 287–296.
Karimi E, Oskoueian E, Hendra R, Oskoueian A, Jaafar HZ. Phenolic compounds characterization and biological activities of Citrus aurantium bloom. Molecules 2012; 17: 1203–1218.
Kumar S, Prahalathan P, Raja B. Syringic acid ameliorates (L)- NAME-induced hypertension by reducing oxidative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385: 1175– 1184.
Ramachandran V, Raja B. Protective effects of syringic acid against acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in albino rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 21: 369–385.
Nam SM, Choi JH, Yoo DY, Kim W, Jung HY, Kim JW, Kang SY, Park J, Kim DW, Kim WJ et al. Valeriana officinalis extract and its main component, valerenic acid, ameliorate D-galactose- induced reductions in memory, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation by reducing corticosterone levels and lipid peroxidation. Exp Gerontrol 2013; 48: 1369–1377.
Javed H, Khan MM, Khan A, Vaibhav K, Ahmad A, Khuwaja G, Ahmed ME, Raza SS, Ashafaq M, Tabassum R et al. S-Allyl cysteine attenuates oxidative stress associated cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in mouse model of streptozotocin-induced experimental dementia of Alzheimer’s type. Brain Res 2011; 1389: 133–142.
Ahmed HH, Shousha WG, Hussein RM, Farrag ARH. Potential role of some nutraceuticals in the regression of Alzheimer’s disease in an experimental animal model. Turk J Med Sci 2011; 41: 455–466.