Sports performance in 10-year-old children participating in multi-skills movement program: a pilot study

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between sprint, change of direction, and jumping parameters in primary school boys and girls participating in the multi-skill movement program. 10 girls (age: 10.87±0.70 years, height: 140.10±0.03 cm, body weight: 42.01±10.49 kg) and 10 boys (age: 10.37±0.46 years, height: 134.60±0.08 cm, body weight: 36.00±10.58 kg) volunteered in the study. To test the sprint speed; 5m, 10m, 20m sprint tests, to test change of direction performance; 505 Change of Direction Test, T Test, Pro Agility Test, and Hexagon Test, and lastly to test the jump performance; Counter Movement Jump Test and Triple leg-hop for distance test were applied. Mann Whitney U -Test and Spearman Correlation Test were used in the analysis of the data obtained in the study. When the data were examined, a statistically significant relationship was found between the 5m, 10m, and 20m sprint tests (p<0.05). In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between T-Test and Triple leg-hop for distance test (p<0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between other parameters (p>0.05). As a result at the end of multi-skills training, regardless of gender differences, there was a relationship in some sprint and directional abilities in preadolescent children. It is suggested physical education teachers and sports scientists take this into consideration when making their plans.

Keywords:

Children, performance physical fitness, primary education,

PDF

___

Bakhtiari, S., Shafinia, P., & Ziaee, V. (2011). Effects of selected exercises on elementary school third grade girl students’ motor development. Asian J Sports Med, 2(1), 51-56.
Bencke, J., Damsgaard, R., Saekmose, A., Jorgensen, K., & Klausen, K. (2002). Anaerobic power and muscle strength characteristics of 11 years old elite and non-elite boys and girls from gymnastics, team handball, tennis and swimming. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 12(3), 171-178.
Beekhuizen, K. S., Davis, M. D., Kolber, M. J., & Cheng, M. S. S. (2009). Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of the hexagon agility test. J Strength Cond Res, 23(7), 2167-2171.
Canlı, U., Taşkın, C., & Kurt, C. (2021). Multi-skill movement training program: body composition and motor performance changes in preschool children. Bozok International Journal of Sport Science, 2(1), 156-167.
Carling, C., Le Gall, F., & Malina, R. M. (2012). Body size, skeletal maturity, and functional characteristics of elite academy soccer players on entry between 1992 and 2003. J Sports Sci, 30, 1683-1693
Chelly, M. S., Hermassi, S., Aouadi, R., Khalifa, R., Van den Tillaar, R., Chamari, K., & Shephard, R. J. (2011). Match analysis of elite adolescent team handball players. J Strength Cond Res, 25(9), 2410-2417.
Chelly, M. S., Hermassi, S., Aouadi, R., & Shephard, R. J. (2014). Effects of 8-week in-season plyometric training on upper and lower limb performance of elite adolescent handball players. J Strength Cond Res, 28, 1401-1410.
Cohen, J. (1998). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cooke, K., Quinn, A., & Sibte, N. (2011). Testing speed and agility in elite tennis players. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 33(4), 69-72.
de Villarreal, E. S. S., Kellis, E., Kraemer, W. J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: a meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res, 23(2), 495-506.
Farlinger, C. M., Kruisselbrink, L. D., & Fowles, J. R. (2007). Relationships to skating performance in competitive hockey players. J Strength Cond Res, 21(3), 915-922.
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Granacher, U., Sanz-Rivas, D., Marín, J. M. S., Hernandez-Davo, J. L., & Moya, M. (2018). Sequencing effects of neuromuscular training on physical fitness in youth elite tennis players. J Strength Cond Res, 32(3), 849-856.
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Ulbricht, A., & Ferrauti, A. (2014). Fitness testing of tennis players: how valuable is it? Br J Sports Med, 48(Suppl 1), i22-i31.
Ferrauti, A., Ulbricht, A., & Fernandez-Fernandez, J. (2018). Assessment of physical performance for individualized training prescription in tennis. In G. Di Giacomo, T. S. Ellenbecker & W. B. Kibler (Eds.), Tennis medicine: a complete guide to evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation (pp. 167-188). Springer.
Figueiredo, A. J., Gonçalves, C. E., Coelho E Silva, M. J., & Malina, R. M. (2009). Youth soccer players, 11–14 years: maturity, size, function, skill and goal orientation. Ann Hum Biol, 36(1), 60-73.
Foley, L., & Maddison, R. (2010). Use of active video games to increase physical activity in children: a (virtual) reality? Pediatr Exerc Sci, 22(1), 7-20.
Forster, J. W., Uthoff, A. M., Rumpf, M. C., & Cronin, J. B. (2021). Advancing the pro–agility test to provide better change of direction speed diagnostics. Journal of Sport and Exercise Science, 5(2), 101-106.
Foweather, L., McWhannell, N., Henaghan, J., Lees, A., Stratton, G., & Batterham, A. M. (2008). Effect of a 9-wk. after-school multiskills club on fundamental movement skill proficiency in 8-to 9-yr.-old children: an exploratory trial. Percept Mot Skills, 106(3), 745-754.
Gallo-Salazar, C., Del Coso, J., Barbado, D., Lopez-Valenciano, A., Santos-Rosa, F. J., Sanz-Rivas, D., ... & Fernandez-Fernandez, J. (2017). Impact of a competition with two consecutive matches in a day on physical performance in young tennis players. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 42(7), 750-756.
Hazır, T., Mahir, Ö.F., and Açıkada, C. (2010). Relationship between agility and body composition, anaerobic power in young soccer players. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 21(4), 146-153.
Hammami, M., Negra, Y., Shephard, R. J., & Chelly, M. S. (2017). The effect of standard strength vs. contrast strength training on the development of sprint, agility, repeated change of direction, and jump in junior male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 31(4), 901-912.
Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G* Power software. J Educ Eval Health Prof, 18, 17.
Malina, R. M., Eisenmann, J. C., Cumming, S. P., Ribeiro, B., & Aroso, J. (2004). Maturity-associated variation in the growth and functional capacities of youth football (soccer) players 13–15 years. Eur J Appl Physiol, 91, 555-562.
Martone, D., Russomando, L., Gallè, F., Gallarato, V., Mancusi, C., Mastronuzzi, R., & Buono, P. (2014). Effects of physical fitness on waist circumference in a group of school children living in southern Italy. Sport Sciences For Health. 10: 261-267.
Myburgh, G. K., Cumming, S. P., Silva, M. C. E., Cooke, K., & Malina, R. M. (2016). Maturity-associated variation in functional characteristics of elite youth tennis players. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 28(4), 542-552.
Nimphius, S., Callaghan, S. J., Spiteri, T., & Lockie, R. G. (2016). Change of direction deficit: A more isolated measure of change of direction performance than total 505 time. J Strength Cond Res, 30(11), 3024-3032.
Özbar, N., Mengütay, S., & Agopyan, A. (2015). Observing the effect of movement education pro-gramme on body composition for children of 4-6 ages. International Peer-Reviewed Journal of Humanities and Academic Scinence, 4(13), 111-122.
Paul, D. J., Gabbett, T. J., & Nassis, G. P. (2016). Agility in team sports: testing, training and factors affecting performance. Sports Med, 46, 421-442.
Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., Lacourse, M., & Rozenek, R. (2000). Reliability and validity of the t-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. J Strength Cond Res, 14(4), 443-450.
Ramirez-Campillo R., Burgos, C. H., Henriquez-Olguin, C., Andrade, D. C., Martinez. C., Alvarez, C., Castro-Sepulveda, M., Marques Mario, C., & Izquerdo, M. (2015). Effect of unilateral, bilateral, and combined plyometric training on explosive and endurance performance of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 29, 1317-1328.
Sassi, R. H., Dardouri, W., Yahmed, M. H., Gmada, N., Mahfoudhi, M. E., & Gharbi, Z. (2009). Relative and absolute reliability of a modified agility t-test and its relationship with vertical jump and straight sprint. J Strength Cond Res, 23(6), 1644-1651.
Tottori, N., & Fujita, S. (2019). Effects of plyometric training on sprint running performance in boys aged 9–12 years. Sports, 7(10), 219.
Van Den Berg, L., Coetzee, B., & Pienaar, A. E. (2006). The influence of biological maturation on physical and motor performance talent identification determinants of U-14 provincial girl tennis players. J Hum Movement Stud, 50, 273-290.
Visnapuu, M., & Jürimäe, T. (2009). Relations of anthropometric parameters with scores on basic and specific motor tasks in young handball players. Percept Mot Skills, 108(3), 670-676.
Williams, M., Squillante, A., & Dawes, J. (2017). The single leg triple hop for distance test. Strength Cond J, 39(3), 94-98. Zapartidis, I., Makroglou, V., Kepesidou, M., Milacic, A., & Makri, A. (2018). Relationship between sprinting, change of direction and jump ability in young male athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Management, 5(1), 71-76.