Oysters of Urías lagoon (NW Mexico) were collected every second month from November 2012 to September 2013, todetermine the variations of their mercury ($Hg^{2+}$) content and assess their suitability for human consumption. Concentrationswere significantly higher in November than in March and May, which indicates that variability does not depend on thealternation of dry and rainy seasons, and is probably related to the reproductive cycle of this species. In view of the lowapparent seafood consumption in Mexico and given the low mean $Hg^{2+}$ concentrations (0.07-0.26 µg g-1, dw), consumption ofthis oyster does not seem to pose risks to the largest part of the population, but the local fishing communities are the onesmost likely to be at risk, because of their higher seafood consumption.
___
Aguilar, C.A., Montalvo, C., Rodríguez, L., Cerón, J.G., & Cerón, R.M. (2012). American Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and Sediments as a Coastal Zone Pollution Monitor by Heavy Metals. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9(4), 579- 586. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0078-y
Apeti, D.A., Lauenstein, G.G., & Evans, D.W. (2012). Recent Status of Total Mercury and Methyl Mercury in the Coastal Waters of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Using Oysters and Sediments from NOAA´S Mussel Watch Program. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(11), 2399-2408. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.006
Ask, K., Åkesson, A., Berglund, M., & Vahter, M. (2002). Inorganic Mercury and Methylmercury in Placentas of Swedish Women. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(5), 523-526.
CANAIVE (2012). Cua´nto mide Me´xico?. Ca´mara Nacional de la Industria del Vestido, Mexico
CONAPESCA (2013). Anuario estadístico de acuacultura y pesca 2013. Retrieved from https://www.gob.mx/conapesca/documentos/anuarioestadistico-de-acuacultura-y-pesca
Conover, W.J. (2012). The Rank Transformation-an Easy and Intuitive Way to Connect Many Nonparametric Methods to Their Parametric Counterparts for Seamless Teaching Introductory Statistics Courses. Computational Statistics, 4(5), 432-438. http://doi.org/10.1002/wics.1216
Delgado-Alvarez, C.G. (2015). Mercurio total en recursos pesqueros de importancia comercial en el Noroeste de México: riesgo potencial a la salud humana. (PhD Thesis). Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Mazatlán, Mexico.
Delgado-Alvarez, C.G., Ruelas-Inzunza, J., Osuna-López, J.I., Voltolina, D., & Frías-Espericueta, M.G. (2015). Total Mercury Content in Cultured Oysters in NW Mexico: Health Risk Assessment. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 94(2), 209-213. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1430-3
EU (2008). Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union 173/6, 3.7.2008. Retrieved from http://www.fsai.ie/uploadedFiles/commission_regulati on_ec_no_629_2008.pdf
FDA (2006). Mercury levels in commercial fish and shellfish. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~frf/sea-mehg.html
Frías-Espericueta, M.G., Páez-Osuna, F., & Osuna-López, J.I. (1997). Seasonal Changes in the Gonadal State of the Oysters Crassostrea iridescens and Crassostrea corteziensis (Filibranchia: Ostreidae) in the Northwest Coast of Mexico. Revista de Biología Tropical, 45(3), 1061-1065.
Frías-Espericueta, M.G., Osuna-López, I., Bañuelos-Vargas, M.I., López-López, G., Muy-Rangel, M.D., IzaguirreFierro, G., …& Voltolina, D. (2009). Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc Contents of the Mangrove Oyster, Crassostrea corteziensis of Seven Coastal Lagoons of NW Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 83(4), 595-599. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-009-9828-z
Frías-Espericueta, M.G., Mejía-Cruz, R., Osuna-López, I., Muy-Rangel, M.D., Rubio-Carrasco, W., AguilarJuárez, M., & Voltolina, D. (2014). Metal Discharges by Sinaloa Rivers to the Coastal Zone of NW Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92(2), 132-136. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1158-5
García-Rico, L., Tejeda-Valenzuela, L., & BurgosHernández, A. (2010). Seasonal Variations in the Concentrations of Metals in Crassostrea corteziensis from Sonora, Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 85(2), 209-213. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-010-0055-4
Green-Ruiz, C., Ruelas-Inzunza, J., & Páez-Osuna, F. (2005). Mercury in Surface Sediments and Benthic Organisms from Guaymas Bay, East Coast of the Gulf of California. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 27(4), 321-329. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-004-5741-x
Hylander, L.D., & Goodsite, M.E. (2006). Environmental Cost of Mercury Pollution. Science of Total Environment, 368(1), 352-370. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.029
Jara-Marini, M.E., Soto-Jiménez, M.F., & Páez-Osuna, F. (2008). Trace Metal Accumulation Pattern in a Mangrove Lagoon Ecosystem, Mazatlán Harbour, South East Gulf of California. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 43A(9), 995-1005. http://doi.org/10.1080/10934520802059797
Jara-Marini, M.E., Tapia-Alcaraz, J.N., Dumer-Gutiérrez, A., García-Rico, L., García-Hernández, J., & PáezOsuna, F. (2013). Comparative Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals Using Six Filter Feeder Organisms in a Coastal Lagoon Ecosystem (of the Central-East Gulf of California). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(2), 1071-1085. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2615-z
Le Bourg, B., Kiszka, J., & Bustamante, P. (2014). MotherEmbryo Isotope (Δ15n, Δ13c) Fractionation and Mercury (Hg) Transfer in Aplacental Deep-Sea Sharks. Journal of Fish Biology, 84(5), 1574-1581. http://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12357
Li, P., Zhang, J., Xie, H., Liu, C., Liang, S., Ren, Y., & Wang, W. (2015). Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation and Health Hazard Assessment for Three Fish Species from Nansi Lake, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 94(4), 431-436. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1475-y
Lyons, K., & Lowe, C.G. (2013). Mechanisms of Maternal Transfer of Organochlorine Contaminants and Mercury in the Common Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 70(12), 1667-1672. http://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0222
Maiz-Larralde, P. (2008). Final-inventario nacional de liberaciones de mercurio-México 2004. Final report. Centro Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, SEMARNAT.
Moody, J.R., & Lindstrom, R.N. (1977). Selection and Cleaning of Plastic Containers for Storage of Trace Element Samples. Analytical Chemistry, 49(14), 2264-2267. http://doi.org/10.1021/ac50022a039
Moreno, C.E., Fjeld, E., Deshar, M.K., & Lydersen, M. (2015). Seasonal Variation of Mercury and Δ15N in Fish from Lake Heddalsvatn, Southern Norway. Journal of Limnology, 74(1), 21-30. http://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2014.918
Newman, M.C., & Unger, M.A. (2002). Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology. Boca Raton, USA, Lewis Publishers, 480 pp.
Ochoa-Izaguirre, M.J., & Soto-Jiménez, M.F. (2014). Variability in Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratios of Macroalgae: Consequences for the Identification of Nitrogen Source. Journal of Phycology, 51(1), 46-65. http://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12250
Olivares-Rieumont, S., Lima, L., Rivero, S., Graham, D.W., Alonso-Hernandez, C., & Bolaño, Y. (2012). Mercury Levels in Sediments and Mangrove Oysters, Crassostrea rhizophorae from the North Coast of Villa Clara, Cuba. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88(4), 589-593. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0544-8
Osuna-Martínez, C.C., Páez-Osuna, F., & AlonsoRodríguez, R. (2010). Mercury in Cultured Oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793 and C. corteziensis Hertlein, 1951) from Four Coastal Lagoons of the SE Gulf of California, Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 85(3), 339-343. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-010-0071-4
Páez-Osuna, F., & Osuna-Martínez, C. (2015). Bioavailability of Cadmium, Copper, Mercury, Lead, and Zinc in Subtropical Coastal Lagoons from the Southeast Gulf of California Using Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea corteziensis and Crassostrea palmula). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 68(2), 305-316. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0118-3
Rojas de Astudillo, L., Chang, Y.I., & Bekele, I. (2005). Heavy Metals in Sediments, Mussels and Oysters from Trinidad and Venezuela. International Journal of Tropical Biology, 53(1), 41-53.
Secretaría de Salud (2011). Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM242-SSA1-2009. Productos y Servicios. Diario Oficial. Retrieved from http://dof.gob.mx/
SGM (2014). Panorama minero del Estado de Durango. Retrieved from sgm.gob.mx/pdfs/DURANGO.pdf
Sijm, D.T.H.M., Selnen, W., & Opperhuizen, A. (2002). Life-Cycle Biomagnification Study in Fish. Environmental Science and Technology, 26(11), 2162-2174. http://doi.org/10.1021/es00035a014
Torres, R.J., Cesar, A., Pereira, C.D.S., Choueri, R.B., Abessa, D.M.S, do Nascimento, M.R.L., …& Mozeto, A.A. (2012). Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Mercury in Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) from Two Brazilian Estuarine Zones. International Journal of Oceanography, 2012, 1-8. http://doi.org/10.1155/2012/838320
Trudel, M., & Rasmussen, J.B. (2006). Bioenergetics and Mercury Dynamics in Fish: A Modeling Perspective. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63(8), 1890-1902. http://doi.org/10.1139/f06-081
UNEP (2013). Global Mercury Assessment 2013: Sources, Emissions, Releases and Environmental Transport. Geneva, Switzerland, UNEP Chemicals Branch, 32 pp.
van de Merwe, J.P., Chan, A.K., Lei, E.N., Yau, M.S., Lam, M.H., & Wu, R.S. (2011). Bioaccumulation and Maternal Transfer of PBDE 47 in the Marine Medaka (Oryzias melastigma) Following Dietary Exposure. Aquatic Toxicology, 103(3-4), 199-204. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.021
Yordy, J., Kucklick, J.R., Wells, R.S., Balmer, B.C., Schwacke, L., & Rowles, T. (2010). Life History as A Source of Variation for Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) Patterns in A Bottlenose Dolphin Community Resident to Sarasota Bay, FL. Science of the Total Environment, 408(9), 2163-2172. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.032
Zar, J.H. (1999). Biostatistical Analysis. Upper Saddle River, USA, Prentice-Hall, 929 pp.