Impact of Garlic and Curcumin on the Hepatic Histology and Cytochrome P450 Gene Expression of Aflatoxicosis Oreochromis niloticus Using RT-PCR

Aflatoxin B1 is one of the most important mycotoxins due to its hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects on some fishes.This study was conducted to investigate the defensive role of curcumin and garlic on phase I of the biotransformation systemin the liver of aflatoxicosis in Oreochromis niloticus in relation to the therapeutic properties by studying hepatichistopathology and cytochrome P450-CYP1A gene expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Although varieties of methods have been used for gene expression quantification and are still used today, real-time RT-PCRmethod has achieved prominence in recent years. One hundred and eighty (180) fish were equally divided into 10 groups. $T_1$ was the negative control; fish in $T_2$ were injected intraperitonealy (IP) with AFB1 at a rate of 6 mg $kg^{-1}$ B.W. and fed on abasal diet. Groups $T_3$ -$T_6$ were fed with garlic ($T_3$ & $T_4$ ) and curcumin ($T_5$ & $T_6$ ) at 10 & 20 g $kg^{-1}$ diet, respectively. Groups$T_7$ -$T_10$ injected IP with AFB1 and fed on both garlic and curcumin at the different concentrations (10 & 20 g kg-1 diet). $AFB_1$ reduced the HSI values in aflatoxicosis fish. Feeding a low dose of garlic led to significant improvement in the HSI values.Histologically, hepatic lesions were observed in the $AFB_1$ injected groups; damage was reduced when fish were fed on garlicand curcumin diets at a concentration 10 g $kg^{-1}$. The highest induction of CYP1A expression was observed in the curcumingroups followed by $AFB_1$. The over expression of CYP1A in $T_2$ was alleviated by the garlic. Therefore, it was found thatgarlic enhances the detoxification of AFB1 through the suppression of CYP1A in the liver.

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