Nile tilapia culture in Campeche, Mexico experiences sporadic and significant fish mortalities, where mycobacteriosis signs of disease are detected. Thirty fishes(30 ± 4 g) from different farms were monitored after a disease outbreak.Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus ) samples (60%) of spleen, liver and stomach display multiples granulomas with a thick capsule, walled off by epithelioid cells and robust acid -fast rods on the necrotic center. A great number of acid -fast bacilli where detected with Ziehl-Neelsen stain protocol. The bacteriological analysis of kidney displayed a 90% (26 organisms) of positive development in Lowenstein -Jensen medium with yellow or orange colonies when exposed to light and acid -fast rods.A 562 -bp fragment confirms the positive result of the presence of the Mycobacterium spp.by PCR analysis;where phylogenetic analysis suggests that Mycobacteriumfortuitum and M. marinum were the principal mycobacterial species associated with tilapia mortality in Campeche, Mexico.
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