HAYATİ YÜKSEL, Ünal İSPİR, AYKUT ULUCAN, CEBRAHİL TÜRK, M. Reşit TAYSI

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH-γ-Isomer, Lindane)’nın Zebra Balıklarının (Danio rerio) Üreme Sistemi Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, HCH-?-Isomer olan "Lindane" intoksikasyonu sonucu zebra balıklarının reproduktif sisteminde meydana gelen histopatolojik değişimler ile hormonal düzeyleri incelendi. Çalışmada ticari bir işletmeden temin edilen 320 adet, yaklaşık 1 yaş grubu, Zebra balığı (Danio rerio) kullanıldı. Balıklar her grupta 40 balık olacak şekilde 8 gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar 0 (Kontrol grubu), 1ml/L methanol, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 µg/L / gün lindane olarak oluşturuldu. Çalışmada deneme gruplarına 1 ml methanolde çözülen HCH-?-Isomeri sırasıyla 5/10/20/40/80/160 µg/L / gün dozlarında her gruba 21 gün boyunca immersiyon şeklinde uygulandı. Makroskobik olarak dişi zebra balıklarının özellikle 80/160 µg/L gruplarında yumurta sayısında azalma görüldü. Mikroskobik olarak dişi zebra balıklarında ovulasyonda azalma, biyokimyasal olarak da Estradiol (E2) seviyelerinde (40/80/160 µg/L) düşme saptandı. Çalışma sonucunda, Lindane'nın dişi zebra balıklarının reproduktif sisteminde bozukluğa ve hormonal değişimlere sebep olduğu, ovulasyon ve fertilizasyon üzerinde önemli etkilerinin bulunduğu gözlendi

Effects of Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH-γ-Isomer, Lindane) on the Reproductive System of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

In this study, histopathological changes induced by lindane a gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane and its intoxication associated with reproductive system and hormone levels were investigated in zebrafish. In all, 320 zebrafish adults approximately 1 year in age, (Danio rerio) obtained from a commercial entity were used in the study. Zebrafish were divided into 8 groups, each one containing 40 zebrafish. Groups were organized as 0 (the control group), 1 ml/L methanol, and 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 µg/L/day lindane. In the study, the gamma-HCH-isomer was applied at rates of 5/10/20/40/80/160 µg/L/day as doses of immersion to each group for 21 days. Macroscopically, the drop in egg production was observed, especially in the 80 and 160 µg/L/day groups of female zebrafish. A microscopic decrease in ovulation and biochemical decreases in estradiol (E2) levels (40/80/160 µg/L) were also observed in the female zebrafish. As a result, lindane was found to cause changes in the reproductive system, and consequently, to cause hormonal disorders and to have significant effects on ovulation and fertilization in the female zebrafish

PDF

___

Anderson, G. and Bancroft, J. 2002. Tissue processing and microtomy, In: Bancroft, John, Gamble, Marilyn (Eds), Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 5th edition Harcourt Publishers, Limited, London:Churchill Livingstone: 85-107.
Andreasen, E.A., Spitsbergen, J.M., Tanguay, R.L., Stegeman, J.J., Heideman, W. and Peterson, R. E. 2000. Tissue-specific expression of AHR2, ARNT2, and CYP1A in zebrafish embryos and larvae: effects of developmental stage and 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure Toxicological Sciences, 68: 403-419.
Balasubramani, A. and Pandian, T.J. 2008. Endosulfan suppresses growth and reproduction in zebrafish., Current Science, 94 (7): 883-890.
Belair, C.D., Peterson, R.E., and Heideman, W. 2001. Disruption of erythropoiesis by dioxin in the zebrafish, Developmental Dynamics, 222: 581-594.
Bello, S.M., Heideman, W. and Peterson, R.E. 2004. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibits regression of the common cardinal vein in developing zebrafish, Toxicological Sciences,78: 258-266.
Bretveld, R.W., Thomas, C.M.G., Scheepers, P.T.J., Zielhuis, G.A. and Roeleveld, N. 2006. Pesticide exposure: the hormonal function of the female reproductive system disrupted, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 4(30):1-14.
Chang, J. Liu, S. Zhou, S, Wang, M. and Zhu, G. 2013. Effects of butachlor on reproduction and hormone levels in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 65 (1-2): 205-209.
Choudhary, N. and Joshi, S.C. 2003. Reproductive toxicity of endosulfan in male albino rats, Bulletin Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 70 (2): 285-289.
Consiglio, E.D., Angelis, G.D., Traina, M.E., Urbani, E. and Testai, E. 2009. Effect of lindane on CVP-mediated steroid hormone metabolism in male mice following in utero exposure, Journal of Applied Toxicology, 29: 648-655.
Costa , E.M.F., Spritzer , P.M., Hohl , A. and Tânia A. S. S. Bachega, T.A.S.S. 2014. Effects of endocrine disruptors in the development of the female reproductive tract, Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia and Metaboligia, 58 (2): 153-161.
Dalsenter, P.R, Faqi, A.S., Webb, J., Merker, H.J. and Chahoud, I. 1997. Reproductive toxicity and toxicokinetics of lindane in the male offspring of rats exposed during lactation, Human Experimental Toxicology, 16 (3):146-153.
Ensenbach, U. and Nagel, R. 1995. Toxicity of complex chemical mixtures: Acute and long-term effects on different life stages of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, 30: 151–157.
Kimmel, C.B., Ballard, W. W., Kimmel, S.R., Ullmann, B. and Schilling, T.F. 1995. Stages of embryonicdevelopment of the zebrafish, Developmental Dynamycs, 203: 253-310.
Lawson, E.O., Ndimele, P.E., Jimoh. A.A. and Whenu, O.O. 2011. Acute Toxicity of Lindane (Gamma Hexachloro-Cyclohexane) to African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822), International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3(2): 63-68.
Lele, Z. and Krone P.H. 1996. The zebrafish as a model system in developmental, toxicological and transgenic research, Biotechnology Advances, 14: 57-72.
Lu , X., Long, Y., Lin, L., Sun, R., Zhong, S. and Cui, Z. 2014. Characterization of Zebrafish Abcc4 as an Efflux Transporter of Organochlorine Pesticides, Plos One: 1-24.
Mills, L. and Chichester, C. 2005. Review of evidence: are endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the aquatic environment impacting fish populations, Sciences The Total Environment, 343:1-34.
Mnif, W., Hassina, A.İ.H., Bouaziz, A., Bartegi, A., Thomas, O. and Roig, B. 2011. Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8:2265-2303.
Neiffer, D.L., Stamper, M.A. 2009. Fish sedation, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia: Considerations, methods, and types of drugs, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Journal, 50 (4): 343-360.
Pesando, D., Robert, S., Huitorel , P., Gutknecht, E., Pereira , L., Girard , J.P. and Ciapa, B. 2004. Effects of methoxychlor, dieldrin and lindane on sea urchin fertilization and early development, Aquatic Toxicology, 66 : 225–239.
Raizada, R.B., Srivastava, M.K., Kaushal, R.A., Singh, R.P., and Gupta, K.P. 2001. Subchronic oral toxicity of a combination of insecticide (HCH) and herbicide (ISP) in male rats, Journal Applied Toxicology, 21(1):75-79.
Samanta, L. and Chainy, G.B. 2002. Response of testicular antioxidant enzymes hexachlorocyclohexanes is species specific, Asian Journal of Andrology, 4: 191- 194.
Singh, P.B., Kime, D.E. and Singh, T.P. 1993. Modulatory actions of mystus gonadotropin on γ- BHC-induced histological changes, cholesterol and sex steroid levels in Heteropneustes fossilis, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 25: 141-153.
Stern, H.M. and Zon, L.I. 2003. Cancer genetics and drug discovery in the zebrafish, Nature Review Cancer, 3: 533-539.
Walsh, L.P. and Stocco, D.M. 2000. Effects of lindane on steroidogenesis and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression, Biology Reproduction, 63(4):1024-1033.
Yuksel, H. Karadas, E. Keles, H and Demirel, H.H. 2009. Effects of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH- γ-Isomer, Lindane) ıntoxication on the proliferation and apoptosis in rat testes. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 78: 615-620.