Sevgi Durna DAŞTAN, FEVZİ BARDAKCI, NACİ DEĞERLİ

Genetic Diversity of Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Anatolia

Bu çalışmada Anadolu daki Cyprinion macrostomus HECKEL, 1843, Cyprinion kais HECKEL, 1843 ve Carasobarbus chantrei SAUVAGE, 1882 örneklerinin filogenetik ve filocoğrafik akrabalıkları, mitokondriyal DNA Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu-Restriksiyon Fragment Uzunluk Polimorfizmi (PCR-RFLP) yöntemi ve Nüklear DNA-ISSR tekniği kullanılarak araştırıldı. Mitokondriyal DNAnın PCR yöntemiyle çoğaltılan NADH ¾ dehidrojenaz (ND-3/4) gen bölgesi, 14 farklı restriksiyon enzimiyle kesildi ve bunun sonucunda çalışmamızdaki tüm populasyonlar için 14 farklı kompozit haplotip ortaya çıktı. Buradaki tüm tanımlanmış mtDNA haplotipleri sahip oldukları spesifik genetik profilleriyle birbirlerinden ayrılmaktadır. Ve PCR-RFLP verilerine göre, Akdeniz havzasından toplanan balık populasyonlarında ortaya çıkan mtDNA haplotipleri arasındaki genetik çeşitlilik, örneklerin toplandığı su havzalarının jeolojik tarihiyle de benzerlik göstermektedir. Nitekim Fırat-Dicle nehir sisteminin Asi nehrinden ve Akdeniz havzasındaki diğer nehirlerden daha erken dönemlerde izole olduğunu göstermektedir. Genel olarak mtDNA ve nDNA verileri birbiriyle uyumlu gözükmektedir.

Anadolu Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) türünün genetik çeşitliliği

In this study, the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships among Cyprinion macrostomus HECKEL, 1843, Cyprinion kais HECKEL, 1843 and Carasobarbus chantrei SAUVAGE, 1882 samples from Anatolia was analysed. While doing this, mitochondrial DNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Nuclear DNA inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) were used. PCR amplified the complete mtDNA NADH ¾ dehydrogenase (ND-3/4) gene. Amplified fragment was digested by 14 restriction enzymes that produced 14 composite haplotypes for these populations. All identified mtDNA haplotypes differed from each other having a specific genetic profile. The genetic diversity among the mtDNA haplotypes of C. macrostomus, C. kais, and C. chantrei populations from drainage basins of the Mediterranean and those from the drainage basin of the Persian Gulf was purported by the extrapolation of mtDNA PCRRFLP data. This result is also supported by the data explaining the geological history of Anatolia. Broadly, the data from mtDNA and from nDNA was consistent.

PDF

___

Arkhipchuk, V.V. 1999. Database of fish chromosomes. At http://www.fishbase.org. Avise, J.C. 1994. Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. Chapman and Hall, New York, 511 pp. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9
Banarescu, P. 1977. Position zooge´ographique de lichthyofaune deau douce dAsie occidentale. Cybium, 3: 35-55.
Bardakci, F., Degerli, N., Ozdemir, O. and Basıbuyuk, H.H. 2006.
Phyleogeography of the Turkish brown trout Salmo trutta L.: mitochondrial DNA PCR-RFLP variation. J. Fish Biol., 68: 120. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.00948.x
Bernatchez, L. and Wilson, C.C. 1998. Comparative phylogeography of Nearctic and Palearctic fishes. Mol. Ecol., 7: 431452. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00319.x
Bernatchez, L. 2001. The evolutionary history of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) infered from phylogeographic, nested clade, and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial DNA variation. Evolution, 55: 351-379.
Billington, N. and Hebert, D.N. 1991. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in fishes and its implications for introductions. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 48(1): 80-94. doi: 10.1139/f91-306
Briolay, J., Galtier, N., Brito, R.M. and Bouvet, Y. 1998. Molecular phylogeny of Cyprinidae inferred from cytochrome b DNA sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 9: 100108. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1997.0441
Coad, B.W. 1996. Zoogeography of the fishes of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin. Zoology in the Middle East, 13: 51-70.
Durand, J.D., Unlu, E., Doadrio, I., Pipoyan, S., Templeton, A.R., 2000. Origin, radiation, dispersion and allopatric hybridization in the chub Leuciscus cephalus. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267, 16871697.
Durand, J.D., Tsigenopoulos, C.S., Unlu, E., Berrebi, P., 2002. Phylogeny and biogeography of the family Cyprinidae in the Middle East inferred from cytochrome b DNA-evolutionary significance of this region. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 22: 91100. doi: 10.1006/mpev.2001.1040
Durand, J.D., Bianco, P.G., Laroche, J., Gilles, A., 2003. Insight into the origin of endemic Mediterranean ichthyofauna: phylogeography of Chondrostoma genus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). J. Herd., 94: 315328. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esg074
Durna, S., Bardakci, F. and Degerli, N., 2010. Genetic diversity of Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Anatolia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38: 8392. doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2009.12.009
Gross, R., Kohlman, K., Kertsen, P., 2002. PCR-RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial ND-3/4 and ND-5/6 gene polymorphisms in the European and East Asian subspecies of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture, 204: 507516. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00836-5
Heller, J. 2007. A historic biogeography of the aquatic fauna of the Levant. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 92: 625639. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00850.x
Imsiridou, A., Apostolidis, A.P., Durand, J.D., Briolay, J., Bouvet, Y. and Triantaphyllidis, C. 1998. Genetic differentation and phylogenetic relationships among Greek chub Leuciscus cephalus L. (Pisces, Cyprinidae) populations as revealed by RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 26: 415429. doi: 10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00123-3
Krijgsman, W. and co-workers, 2004. The Messinian Salinity Crisis of the Mediterranean: State of the Art. 4th International Congress Environment and Identity In The Mediterranean. July 19-25. University Di Corsica Pasquale Paoli. Corte.
Kuru, M. 1999. Vertebrate Animals, 5th Edition, Palme Pres, Ankara, Turkey: 192-220. (in Turkish).
Martin, A.P. and Palumbi, S.R. 1993. Body size, metabolic rate, generation time and molecular clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 90: 4087-4091. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.9.4087
McElroy, D., Moran, P., Bermingham, E. and Kornfield, I. 1991. REAP, the Restriction Enzymes Analysis Package, Version 4.0. Department of Zoology, Migratory Fish Research Institue and Center for Marine studies, University of Maine, Orono, ME.
Mesquita, N., Carvalho, G., Shaw, P., Crespo, E. and Coelho, M.M. 2001. River basin-related genetic structuring in an endangered fish species, Chondrostoma lusitanicum, based on mtDNA sequencing and RFLP analysis. Heredity, 86: 253264. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00776.x
Miller, M.P. 1997. Tools for population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA) 1.3: a Windows Program for the Analysis of Allozyme and Molecular Population Genetic Data. Nei, M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics, 89: 583590.
Nei, M. and Li, W. 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76: 52695273. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.5269
Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York, 512 pp.
Por, F.D. and Dimentman, C. 1985. Continuity of Messinian biota in the Mediterranean basin. In: D.J. Stanley and F.C. Wezel (Eds.), Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin. Springer, New York: 545557. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8572-1_25
Por, F.D. 1989. The legacy of Tethys. An Aquatic Biogeographic of the Levant. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 214 pp.
Por, F.D. and Dimentman, C. 1989. The legacy of Tethys. An aquatic biogeography of the Levant. Monographiae Biologicae, 63: 214 pp.
Richardson, L.R. and Gold, J.R. 1995. Evolution of the Cyprinella lutrensis species-complex. II. Systematics and biogeography of the Edwards Plateau shiner, Cyprinella lepida. Copeia, 1: 2837. doi: 10.2307/1446797
Smith, G.R. 1992. Introgression in fishes: significance for palaeontology, and evolutionary rates. Systematics Biology, 41: 41-57. doi: 10.2307/2992505
Turan, C., Erguden, D., Turan, F. and Gurlek, M. 2004. Genetic and morphologic structure of Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) populations from the rivers Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 28: 729734.
Wilson, C., Hebert, P.D.N., Reist, J.D. and Dempson, J.B. 1996. Phylogeography and post glacial dispersal of arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in North America. Molecular Ecology, 5: 187-197. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1996.tb00306.x
Zardoya, R., Economidis, P.S. and Doadrio, I. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships of Greek Cyprinidae: molecular evidence for at least two origins of the Grek cyprinid fauna. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 13: 122131. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1999.0630