Nenad ANTOLOVIC, Valter KOZUL, Mara ANTOLOVIC, Jaksa BOLOTIN

Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal on growth of juvenile saddled bream (Sparidae)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soybean meal (SBM) inclusion and treatment on growth of juvenile saddled bream. The saddled bream (1.1±0.5 g body weight) were fed with four practical diets containing 44% of crude protein (CP). Diet 1 was a control diet containing 100% fish meal (FM) as a protein source. Diets 2-4 contained 29% 34% and 49% soybean meal with FM (ratio of fish protein (FP) to soybean meal protein (SP) were 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1, respectively). Fish fed the diet containing FP/SP ratio 1:1 had significantly (P<0.05) lower weight gain than fish fed with the other diets. There was no significant difference in body weight of fish fed with the other three diets. When compared to the control (Diet 1), fish fed with the diets 2 and 3 did not show any significant difference in body protein content. Body fat content was significantly higher in fish fed with the control diet than the fish fed with diets containing FP/SP ratios 2:1 and 1:1. Whole body ash content was significant higher in fish fed with diet 4. The present study indicates that SBM may be included in the diet up to 34% as a substitute for FM, replacing about 28% of FP.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sparidae, protein kaynakları, soya ürünleri, balık unu, vücut ağırlığı, büyüme performansı, diyetler

PDF

___

Abdel-Tawwab, M., Ahmad, M.H., Khattab, Y.A.E. and Shalaby, A.M.E. 2010. Effect on dietary protein lever, initial body weight, and their interaction on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture, 298: 267-274. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.10.027

Antolović, N. 2011. Induced ovulation, development stages and growth of the saddled bream (Oblada melanura, Linnaeus, 1758) in captivity. PhD thesis, Zagreb: University of Zagreb.

AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edn. In: K. Helrich (Ed.), Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.

Arndt, R.E., Hardy, R.W., Sugiura, S.H. and Dong, F.M. 1999. Effects of heat treatment and substitution level on palatability and nutritional value of soy defatted flour in feeds for coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Aquaculture, 180: 129–145. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00186-6

Belal, I.E.H. and Assem, H. 1995. Substitution of soybean meal and oil for fish meal in practical diets fed to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque): effects on body composition. Aquacult. Res., 26: 141–145. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00894.x

Biswas, K.A., Kaku, H., Ji, S.C., Seoka, M. and Takii, K. 2007. Use of soybean meal and phytase for partial replacement of fish meal in the diet of red sea bream, Pagrus major. Aquaculture, 267: 284-291. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.014

Boonyaratpalin, M., Suraneiranat, P. and Tunpibal, T. 1998. Replacement of fish meal with various types of soybean products in diets for Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture, 161: 67–78. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00257-3

Chou, R.L., Her, B.Y., Su, M.S., Hwang, G., Wu, Y.H. and Chen, H.Y. 2004. Substituting fish meal with soybean meal in diets of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture, 229: 325–333. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00395-8

Elangovan, A. and Shim, K.F. 2000. The influence of replacing fish meal partially in the diet with soybean meal on growth and body composition of juvenile tin foil barb (Barbodes altus). Aquaculture, 189: 133-144. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00365-3

Fagbenro, O.A. and Davies, S.J. 2001. Use of soybean flour (dehulled, solvent-extracted soybean) as a fish meal substitute in practical diets for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822): growth, feed utilization and digestibility. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 17: 64–69. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2001.00252.x

Fowler, L.G. 1980 Substitution of soybean and cottonseed products for fish meal in diets fed to chinook and coho salmon. Prog. Fish-Cult., 42: 86–91. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[87:sosacp]2.0.co;2

Francis, G., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K. 2001. Antinutritional factors present in plant derived alternative fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199: 197–227. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00526-9

Gallagher, M.L. 1994. The use of soybean meal as a replacement of fish meal in diets for hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops). Aquaculture, 126: 119–127. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90253-4

Hajen, W.E., Higgs, D.A., Beames, R.M. and Dosanjh, B.S. 1993. Digestibility of various feedstuffs by post juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in sea water: measurement of digestibility. Aquaculture, 112: 333–348. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90394-E

Hernandez, M.D., Martinez, F.J., Jover, M. and Garcia Garcia, B. 2007. Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) diet. Aquaculture, 263: 159-167. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.040

Kikuchi, K. 1999. Use of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in diets of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys oliÍaceus). Aquaculture, 179: 3–11. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00147-7

Kikuchi, K., Furuta, T. and Honda, H. 1994. Utilization of soybean meal as a protein source in the diet of juvenile Japanese flounder. Suisan Zoshoku, 42: 601–604.

Lim, S.J. and Lee, K.J. 2008. Supplemental iron and phosphorus increase dietary inclusion of cottonseed and soybean meal in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquac. Nutr., 14: 423–430. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00546.x

Lim, S.R., Choi, S.M., Wang, W.J., Kim, K.W., Shin, I.S., Min, T.S. and Bai, S.C. 2004. Effects of dehulled soybean meal as a fish meal replacer in diets for fingerling and growing Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Aquaculture, 231: 457–468.

Lim, C. and Akiyama, D.M. 1992. Full-fat soybean meal utilization by fish. Asian Fish. Sci. 5, 181–197.

Liu, K. 1997. In: Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology and Utilization. Chapman and Hall, International Thomson Publishing, Singapore, p. 532.

McGoogan, B.B. and Gatlin, D.M. 1997. Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal in diets for red drum Sciaenops ocellatus and potential for palatability enhancement. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 28: 374–385. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00284.x

Mohsen, A.A. and Lovell, R.T. 1990. Partial substitution of soybean meal with animal protein sources in diets for channel catfish. Aquaculture, 90: 303–311. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90254-K

Nour, A.M., Omar, E., Akkada, A.R.A. and Gunther, K.D. 1989. Effect of heat treatment on the nutritive value of soybean seeds as a complete diet for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Landwirtsch. Forsch., 42: 190–195.

NRC_National Research Council. 1993. In: Nutrient Requirements of Warmwater Fishes and Shellfishes. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 114 pp.

Olli, J.J., Krogdahl, A. and Vabeno, A. 1995. Dehulled solvent extracted soybean meal as a protein source in diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquacult. Res., 26: 167–174. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00899.x

Olli, J.J., Hjelmeland, K. and Krogdahl, A. 1994a. Soybean trypsin inhibitors in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L): effects on nutrient digestibilities and trypsin in pyloric caeca homogenate and intestinal content. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 109A: 923–928. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90240-2

Olli, J.J. and Krogdahl, A. 1995. Alcohol soluble components of soybeans seem to reduce fat digestibility in fishmeal-based diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquacult. Res., 26: 831–835. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00876.x

Pham, M.A., Lee, K.J., Lim, S.J. and Park, K.H. 2007. Evaluation of cottonseed and soybean meal as partial replacement for fishmeal in diets for juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish. Sci., 73: 760–76. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01394.x

Plakas, S.M., Lee, T.C., Wolke, R. and Meade, T.L. 1985. Effect of Maillard browning reaction on protein utilization and plasma amino acid response by rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. J. Nutr., 115: 1589–1599.

Pongmaneerat, J and Watanabe, T. 1992. Utilization of soybean meal as protein source in diets for rainbow trout. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 58: 1983–1990. doi: 10.2331/suisan.58.1983

Quartararo, N., Allan, G.L. and Bell, J.D. 1998. Replacement of fish meal in diets for Australian snapper, Pagrus auratus. Aquaculture, 166: 279–295. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00289-0

Refstie, S., Svihus, B., Shearer, K.D. and Storebakken, T. 1999. Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in different soybean products. Aquaculture, 79: 331–345.

Reigh, R.C. and Ellis, S.C. 1992. Effects of dietary soybean and fish-protein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets. Aquaculture, 104: 279–292. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90210-C

Reinitz, G. 1980. Soybean meal as a substitute for herring meal in practical diets for rainbow trout. Prog. Fish-Cult., 42: 103–106. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1980) 42[103:SMAASF]2.0.CO;2

Sandholm, M., Smith, R.R., Shih, J.C.H. and Scott, M.L. 1976. Determination of antitrypsin activity on agar plates: relationship between antitrypsin and biological value of soybean for trout. J. Nutr., 106: 761–766.

Snyder, H.E. and Kwon, T.W. 1987. Soybean Utilization. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, USA, 346 pp.

Storebakken, T., Kvien, I.S., Shearer, K.D., Grisdale-Helland, B. and Helland, S.J. 1999. Estimation of gastrointestinal evacuation rate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using inert markers and collection of faeces by sieving: evacuation of diets with fish meal, soybean meal or bacterial meal. Aquaculture, 172: 291–299. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00501-8

Thompson, K.R., Metts, L.S., Muzinic, L.A., Dasgupta, S. and Webster, C.D. 2006. Effects of feeding practical diets contain different protein levels, with or without fish meal, on growth, survival, body composition and processing traits of male and female Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) grown in pounds. Aquaculture Nutrition, 12: 227-238. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2006.00407.x

Venou, B, Alexis, M.N., Fountoulaki, E. and Haralabous, J. 2006. Effects of extrusion and inclusion level of soybean meal on diet digestibility, performance and nutrient utilization of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 261: 343-356. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.030

Viola, S., Mokady, S. and Arieli, Y. 1983. Effects of soybean processing methods on the growth of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, 32: 27–38. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(83)90267-3

Vivyakarn, V., Watanabe, T., Aoki, H., Tsud, H., Sakamoto, H., Okamoto, N., Iso, N., Satoh, S. and Takeuchi, T. 1992. Use of soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed soft-dry pellet for yellowtail. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 58: 1991–2000. doi: 10.2331/suisan.58.1991

Watanabe, T., Vivyakarn, V., Kimura, H., Ogawa, K., Okamoto, N. and Iso, N. 1992. Utilization of soybean meal as a protein source in a newly developed soft-dry pellet for yellowtail. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 58: 1761–1773. doi: 10.2331/suisan.58.1761

Webster, C.D., Goodgame-Tiu, L.S. and Tidwell, J.H. 1995. Total replacement of soybean meal, with various percentages of supplemental L-methionine, in diets for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) (Lesueu). Aquacult. Res., 26: 299–306. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00917.x

Webster, C.D., Tidwell, J.H., Goodgame, L.S., Yancey, D.H. and Mackey, L. 1992a. Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 106: 301–309. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90262-J

Webster, C.D., Yancey, D.H. and Tidwell, J.H. 1992b. Effect of partially or totally replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth of blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus). Aquaculture, 103: 141–152. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90408-D

Wilson, R.P. and Poe, W.E. 1985. Effects of feeding soybean meal with varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling channel catfish. Aquaculture 46: 19–25. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(85)90171-1