AYTAÇ ÖZGÜL, ALİ ULAŞ, ALTAN LÖK, F. Ozan DÜZBASTILAR, Cengiz METİN

A Comparison of Alternative Circle Hook (Kahle Hook) and J-Style Hook Performance in Experimental Pelagic Longline Fishery in Turkey

Son yıllarda, pelajik paraketa balıkçılığında deniz kaplumbağaları ve diğer deniz canlılarının ölüm ve yaralanma oranını en aza indirmek için geleneksel olarak kullanılan J şekilli iğnelere alternatif dairesel şekilli iğne kullanımı teşvik edilmektedir. Bu çalışmadan önce, Türkiye'deki pelajik paraketa takımlarında dairesel şekilli iğneler kullanılmamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'nin Ege kıyılarında (Kuşadası Körfezi) sardalya (Sardina pilchardus) ile yemlenerek kullanılan pelajik parakete takımlarındaki J ve dairesel şekilli iğnelerin etkinliğini karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmada, her paraketa operasyonunda geleneksel J şekilli (Mustad 2315 DT-4/0) iğneler ile bu iğnelere alternatif kullanılan kahle şekilli (Eagle Claw 142 A-6/0) iğneler yakalama oranı, hedef ve hedef olmayan türler için av kompozisyonu acısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Ağustos 2010- Aralık 2012 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen 22 geçerli pelajik pareketa operasyonunda J ve kahle şekilli iğnelerin performansı test edilmiştir. Paraketalarda ardışık olarak toplam 2200 adet kahle ve J şekilli iğne kullanılmıştır.Yakalanan balıkların total ve çatal boyları ölçülmüş, ağırlıkları alınmış, operasyon zamanı ve iğne tipine göre yakalanan balıklar kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmada 13 türe ait 78 balık yakalanmıştır. Kahle şekilli iğneler için toplam CPUE 4,73 balık/100 iğne, J şekilli iğneler için ise 2,46 balık/100 iğne olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yakalanan tüm balıklar acısından CPUE değerleri arasından istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (Z = -1,977; P

Türkiye'de Pelajik Pareketa Balıkçılığında Kullanılan J Şekilli ve Alternatif C Şekilli (Kahle) İğne Performanslarının Deneysel Olarak Karşılaştırılması

In recent years, circle hooks have been encouraged as an alternative to traditional J-hooks in pelagic longline fisheries to minimize by-catch mortality and injury to sea turtles and other marine wildlife. Prior to this study, circle hooks had not been used by domestic commercial pelagic longliners in Turkey. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of kahle hook comparing with J-style hook baited with sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in pelagic longline fishery in the Aegean coast of Turkey (Kuşadası Bay).We used conventional J-style hooks (Mustad 2315DT-4/0) and kahle hooks (Eagle Claw 142A-6/0) for each fishing operation and compared catch rates, catch compositions of target and non-target species. The relative performance of kahle and traditional J-style hooks was tested during 22 valid pelagic longline fishing operations between August 2010 and December 2012. A total of 2200 hooks were used equally among kahle and J-style hooks consecutively. Captured fish were identified, total and fork lengths were measured,weighed, the time of haulback, and hook type as well as by-catch fish were recorded. A total of 78 fish were caught belonging to 13 species during the samplings. The overall CPUE was 4.73 fishes per 100 hooks for kahle hooks and 2.46 fishes for J-style hooks. For the CPUE of all fishes, the difference was statistically significant (Z = -1.977; P<0.05), in favour of the kahle hook being almost two times greater than the J-style hook. Likewise CPUE was 17007.69 g per 100 hooks for kahle style hooks and 4807.27 g for J-style hooks (Z = - 1.997; P<0.05). While no difference was found between two hook models on by-catch species, kahle hooks were more efficient in comparison to J hooks on discard species. Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) had the highest CPUE (2.82) among all species for kahle hooks followed by silver scabbard fish (Lepidopus caudatus), 0.64. For J-style hooks, silver scabbard fish catch had the highest CPUE (0.64) followed by swordfish (0.55).

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