Seasonal Variations of Fatty Acid Profiles in the Muscle of Capoeta angorae
Bu çalışmada Capoeta angorae türünün toplam lipid, toplam protein ve yağ asidi bileşimi incelenmiştir. Toplam yağ içerikleri (yaş ağırlık olarak) ilkbaharda %1,44, yazın %6,41, sonbaharda %4,25 ve kışın %4,29 oranlarında bulunmuştur. C. angorae türünün kas dokusundaki toplam protein oranları ise yıl içerisinde %16,55 ile %19,25 arası değişmiştir. Her iki cinsiyetin kas dokusundaki en çok bulunan yağ asitleri palmitik, oleik, palmitoleik, ökosapentaenoik ve dokosaheksaenoik asitlerdir. Yıl boyunca n3 PUFA oranları n6 PUFA oranlarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. C. angorae türünün kas dokusundaki toplam n6 PUFA değerlerinin n3 PUFA değerlerine oranı sırasıyla dişilerde 0,14 ile 0,19, erkeklerde 0,12 ile 0,31 arası değişmiştir. Her iki cinsiyetin kas dokusundaki EPA+DHA seviyeleri 0,19 ile 0,91 g/100g yaş ağırlık arasında değişmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, C. angorae türünün kas dokusundaki toplam lipid ve yağ asitleri oranlarının yıl içerisinde önemli derecede değiştiğini göstermiştir.
Capoeta angorae Türünün Kas Dokusu Yağ Asidi Profillerinin Mevsimsel Değişimleri
In this study, the total lipid, total protein and fatty acid compositions of Capoeta angorae were investigated. Total lipid content ratios (as wet weight) were found to be as 1.44% in spring, 6.41% in summer, 4.25% in autumn and 4.29% in winter. Total protein ratios in the muscle of C. angorae also varied from16.55% to19.24% during the year. The major fatty acids in the muscles of both sexes were palmitic, oleic, palmitoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoicacids. The proportions of n3 PUFAs were higher than those of n6 PUFAs through the year. The ratios of total n6 PUFAs to n3 PUFAs in the muscle of C. angorae changed from 0.14 to 0.19 in female and from 0.12 to 0.31 in males, respectively. The levels of EPA+DHA in the muscles of both genders changed from 0.19 to 0.91 g/100 g wet weight. The results showed that the ratios of total lipid and fatty acids in the muscle of C. angorae significantly varied by the year.
___
- Balçık-Mısır, G., Tufan, B. and Köse, S. 2014. Monthly Variation of Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Contents of Atlantic Bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) of Black Sea. Int. J. of Food Sci. and Technology, 49(12): 2668-2677. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.12578
- Balk, E.M., Lichtenstein, A.H., Chung, M., Kupelnick, B., Chew, P. and Lau, J. 2006. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review. Atherosclerosis, 189: 1930. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.012
- Bandarra, N.M., Batista, I., Nunes, M.L., Empis, J.M. and Christie, W.W. 1997. Seasonal changes in lipid composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Journal of Food Science, 62: 4042. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2621.1997.tb04364.x
- Bligh, E.C. and Dyer, W.J. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadion Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37: 913-917. doi: 10.1139/o59-099
- Bulut, S., Uysal, K., Cemek, M., Gök, V., Kuş, S.F. and Karaçalı, M. 2012. Nutritional Evaluation of Seasonal Changes in muscle fatty acid composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Karamık Lake, Turkey. International Journal of Food Properties, 15(4): 717- 724. doi:10.1080/10942911003664891.
- Dal Bosco, A., Mugnai, C., Mourvaki, E. and Castellini, C. 2012. Seasonal changes in the fillet fatty acid profile and nutritional characteristics of wild Trasimeno Lake goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). Food Chemistry, 132: 830834. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.043.
- Diraman, A. and Dibeklioglu, H. 2009. Chemometric characterization and classification of selected freshwater and marine fishes from Turkey based on their fatty acid profiles. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 86: 235-246. doi: 10.1007/s11746- 008-1338-3.
- Gills, H.S. and Weatherley, A.H. 1984. Protein, lipid and caloric content of bluntnose minnow, Pimephales notatus rafinosque, during growth at different temperatures. Journal of Fish Biology, 25: 491-500. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04895.x.
- Greenfield, H. and Southgate, D.A.T. 2003. Assuring the quality of analytical data. In: Food Composition Data Part 2. FAO. Rome: 149155
- Gökçe, M.A., Taşbozan, O., Celik M. and Tabakoğu, S.S. 2004. Seasonal variations in proximate and fatty acid compositions of female common sole (Solea solea). Food Chemistry, 88: 419423. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.051
- Gruger, E.H., Nelson, R.W. and Standsby, M.E. 1964. Fatty acid composition of oils from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish. Journal of American Oil Chemists Society, 41: 663667. doi: 13418-900
- Güner, S., Dincer, B., Alemdag, N., Colak A. and Tufekci M. 1998. Proximate composition and selected mineral content of commercially important fish species from the Black Sea. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 78: 337-342. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097- 0010(199811)78:3_____337:AID-JSFA122>3.0.CO;2-A
- Harris, W.S. 2007. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: A case for omega-3 index as a new risk factor. Pharmacological Research Nutritional Pharmacology, 55(3): 217223. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.013
- Huynh, M.D. and Kitts, D.D. 2009. Evaluating nutritional quality of pacific fish species from fatty acid signatures. Food Chemistry, 114: 912918. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.038
- Ichihara, K., Shibahara, A., Yamamoto, K. and Nakayama, T. 1996. An improved method for rapid analysis of the fatty acids of glycerolipids. Lipids, 31: 535-539. doi: 10.1007/BF02522648
- Iso, H., Rexrode, K.M., Stampfer, M.J. 2001. Intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids and risk of stroke in women. Jama, 285: 304-312. doi:10.1001/jama.285.3.304. Jabeen, F. and Chaudhry, A.S. 2010. Chemical compositions and fatty acid profiles of three freshwater fish species. Food Chemistry, 125: 991 996. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.103
- Katselis, G. 2007. Short-term seaward fish migration in the MessolonghiEtoliko lagoons (Western Greek coast) in relation to climatic variables and the lunar cycle, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 73(34): 571 582. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.02.010
- Louly, A.W., Gaydou, E.M. and El Kebir, M.V. 2011. Muscle lipids and fatty acid profiles of three edible fish from the Mauritanian coast:Epinephelus aeneus, Cephalopholis taeniops and Serranus scriba. Food Chemistry, 124: 2428. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem. 2010.05.097.
- Marichamy, G., Haq, M.A.B., Vignesh, R., Shalini, R. and Nazar, A.R. 2012. Report on the distribution of essential and non-essential fatty acids in common edible fishes of Porto-Novo coastal waters, southeast coast of India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicin: 11021115. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691 (12)60369-4
- Martínez, M.H., Velázquez, T.G., Revilla, G.O., Abarca, N. A., Mendoza, A.P., Soledad M. and Murrieta, V. 2012. Prediction of total fat, fatty acid composition and nutritional parameters in fish fillets using MIDFTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Food Science and Technology, 52: 12-20. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2013. 01.001
- Murillo, E., Rao, K.S. and Durant, A.A. 2014. The lipid content and fatty acid composition of four eastern central Pacific native fish species. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 33: 15. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2013.08.007
- Njinkoue, J.M., Barnathan G. and Miralles, J. 2002. Lipids and fatty acids in muscle, liver and skin of three edible fish from the Senegalese coast: Sardinella maderensis, Sardinella aurita and Cephalopholis taeniops. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 131(B): 395402. doi:10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00 506-1
- Özoğul, Y. and Özoğul, F. 2007. Fatty acid profiles of commercially important fish species from the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Seas. Food Chemistry, 100: 16341638. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.047
- Rittenschober, D., Nowak, V. and Charrondiere, U.R. 2013. Review of availability of food composition data for fish and shellfish. Food Chemistry, 141: 43034310. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.007
- Shirai, N., Suzuki, H., Toukairin, S. and Wada, S. 2001. Spawning and season affect lipid content and fatty acid composition of ovary and liver in Japanese catfish (Silurus asotus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 129: 185-195. doi:10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00378-5.
- Shirai, N., Suzuki, H., Tokairin, S., Eharac, H. and Wada, S. 2002. Dietary and seasonal effects on the dorsal meat lipid composition of Japanese (Silurus asotus) and Thai catfish (Clarias macrocephalus and hybrid Clarias macrocephalus and Clarias galipinus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 132: 609 619. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00081-8
- Skuladottir, G.V., Schithe, H.B., Gudmundsdottir, E., Richards, B., Gardarsson, F. and Jonsson, L. 1990. Fatty acid composition of muscle, heart and liver lipids in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), at extremely low environmental temperature. Aquaculture, 84: 71- 80. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90301-3
- Sushchik, N.N., Gladyshev, M.I., Kalachova, G.S. 2007. Seasonal dynamics of fatty acid content of a common food fish from the Yenisei river, Siberian grayling, Thymallus arcticus. Food Chemistry, 104: 13531358. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.050
- Tufan, B. and Köse, S. 2014. Variations in lipid and fatty acid contents in different body parts of Black Sea whiting, (Nordmann, 1840). International Journal of Food Science and Technology 49: 373384. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.12309
- Uysal, K., Emre, Y., Yılmaz, H., Dönmez, M., Seçkin, A. K. and Bülbül, M. 2011. Evaluation of fatty-acid composition of five migratory fish species captured from the Beymelek Lagoon (Turkey) at the end of the feeding period. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 46: 807809. doi: 0009-3130/11/4606-0946
- Villenueve, L., Gisbert, E., Zambonino-Infante, J.L., Quazuguel, P.a nd Cahu, C.L. 2005. Effect of nature of dietary lipids on European sea bass morphogenesis: implication of retinoid receptors. British Journal of Nutrition, 94: 877884. doi: 10.1079/BJN20051560.
- Weihrauch, J.L., Posati, L.P., Anderson, B.A. and Exler, J. 1977. Lipid conversion factors for calculating fatty acid contents of foods. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 54: 3640. doi: 10.1007/BF02671370.