Kemal POLAT, Ümit ŞENTÜRK, İbrahim YÜCEDAĞ

Towards wearable blood pressure measurement systems from biosignals: a review

Blood pressure is the pressure by the blood to the vein wall. High blood pressure, which is called silent death, isthe cause of nearly 13% of mortality all over the world. Blood pressure is not only measured in the medical environment,but the blood pressure measurement is also a need for people in their daily life. Blood pressure estimation systemswith low error rates have been developed besides the new technologies and algorithms. Blood pressure measurementsare differentiated as invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement and noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurementmethods. Although IBP measurement provides the most accurate results, it cannot be used in daily life because itcan only be performed by qualified medical staff with specialized medical equipment. NIBP measurement is based onmeasuring physiological signals taken from the body and producing results with decision mechanisms. Oscillometric,pulse transit time (PTT), pulse wave velocity, and feature extraction methods are mentioned in the literature as NIBP.In the oscillometric method of the sphygmomanometer, an electrocardiogram is used in PTT methods as a result of thecomparison of signals such as electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, ballistocardiography, and seismocardiography.The increase in the human population and worldwide deaths due to the highly elevated blood pressure makes the needfor precise measurements and technological devices more clear. Today, wearable technologies and sensors have beenfrequently used in the health sector. In this review article, the invasive and noninvasive blood pressure methods,including various biosignals, have been investigated and then compared with each other concerning the measurement ofcomfort and robust estimation.

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