Harmonic effects optimization at a system level using a harmonic power flow controller

Increase of nonlinear loads in industries has resulted in high levels of harmonic currents and consequently harmonic voltages in power networks. Harmonics have several negative effects such as higher energy losses and equipment life reduction. To reduce the levels of harmonics in power networks, different methods of harmonic suppression have been employed. The basic idea in all of these methods is to prevent harmonics from flowing into a power network at customer sides and the point of common coupling (PCC). Due to the costs, none of the existing mitigating methods result in a harmonic-free power system. The remaining harmonic currents, which rotate in a power network according to the system impedances, may not necessarily result in an optimum harmonic power flow in terms of harmonic undesirable results such as harmonic losses or harmonic over voltage/current due to possible resonances. This paper proposes a new method to control the flow of the remaining harmonics at a power system level such that the effects of harmonics such as losses are optimized. This task is achieved by the use of series active power filters controlled in a different manner from their conventional methods. In this new application, the series active power injects a controlled harmonic voltage into a power system (e.g., a line, transformer, or other elements) to control the harmonic current (power) flow such that the overall performance of the power system is improved in terms of harmonic effects. The series active power filter in this new application is named as harmonic power flow controller (HPFC). In this paper, the theory, structure, applications, and the basics of the control method of a HPFC are described. To investigate the effects of the HPFC on the power network harmonics, an HPFC is used in the 14-busbar IEEE test system. To make the proposal more practical, an HPFC is designed for Iran north-west transmission system to alleviate the harmonic problem in this region. Simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness of the HPFC. Simulation results show that the HPFC can control the harmonic currents (power) and voltage consequently. In this paper, several control algorithms for an HPFC are also considered to achieve the desired harmonic voltages levels

PDF

___

[1] Abu-Hashim R, Burch R, Chang G, Grady M, Gunther E et al. Test systems for harmonics modeling and simulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1999; 14 (2): 579-587. doi: 10.1109/61.754106
[2] Fujita H, Akagi H. A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-series connection of passive and active filters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 1991; 27(6): 1020-1025. doi: 10.1109/28.108451
[3] Figueroa D, Moran L, Ruminot P, Dixon J. A series active power filter scheme for current harmonic compensation. In: 2008 IEEE PESC Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Rhodes, Greece; 2008. pp. 3587-3591.
4] Ribeiro E, Barbi I. A series active power filter for harmonic voltage suppression. In: Twenty-third International Telecommunications Energy Conference; Edinburgh, UK; 2001. pp. 514-519.
[5] Jianjun G, Dianguo X, Hankui L, Maozhong G. Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC): the principle, control and application. In: Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference; Osaka, Japan; 2002. pp. 80-85.
[6] Tey L, So P, Chu Y. Improvement of power quality using adaptive shunt active filter. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2005; 20 (2): 1558-1568. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2004.838641
[7] Bhim S, Ritankar S, Kamal H. Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM): a review. IET Power Electronics 2009: 2 (4): 297-324. doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2008.0034
[8] Kiran B, Pradip C. Power conditioner for Voltage Sag/Swell and Harmonic Mitigation. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies; Coimbatore, India; 2019. pp.63-69.
[9] He J, Du L, Yuan S, Zhang C, Wang C. Supply voltage and grid current harmonics compensation using multi-port interfacing converter integrated into Two-AC-Bus Grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2019; 10 (3): 3057-3070. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2817491
[10] Hosseini S, Banaei M. A new minimal energy control of the DC link energy in four-wire dynamic voltage restorer. In: 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society; Busan, South Korea; 2004. pp.3048-3053.
[11] Carpinelli G, Russo A, Varilone P. Active filters: A multi-objective approach for the optimal allocation and sizing in distribution networks. In: International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion; Ischia, Italy; 2014. pp. 1201-1207.
[12] Han XM, You Y, Liu H. Principle and realization of a dynamic voltage regulator (DVR) based on line voltage compensating. In: Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering; China; 2003. pp.49-53.
[13] IEEE Recommended Practice for Establishing Liquid-Filled and Dry-Type Power Distribution Transformer Capa- bility When Supplying Nonsinusoidal Load Currents. IEEE Standard C57.110-2008 2008; pp.c1-44.
[14] Yildirim D, Fuchs E. Measured transformer derating and comparison with harmonic loss factor (FHL) approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2000; 15 (1):186-191. doi: 10.1109/61.847249
[15] Shun T, Xiangning X. Comparing transformer derating computed using the harmonic loss factor FHL and K-factor. In: Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies; Nanjing, China; 2008. pp.1631-1634.
[16] Sumaryadi GH, Suslilo A. Effect of power system harmonic on degradation process of transformer insulation system. In: IEEE 9th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials; Harbin, China; 2009. pp.261-264.
[17] Pei L, Guodong L, Yonghai X, Shujun Y. Methods comparation and simulation of transformer harmonic losses. In: 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference; Chengdu, China; 2010. pp.238-241.
[18] Ghosh A, Ledwich G. Structures and control of a Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DVR). In: Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting 2001; Ohio, USA. pp. 1027-1032.
[19] Rakesh G, Vimala Kumar K. Performance improvement of DVR by control of reduced-rating with a battery energy storage system. In: IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (ICPCSI); Chennai, India; 2017. pp.1897-1904