Control of oxygen excess ratio in a PEM fuel cell system using high-order sliding-mode controller and observer
The main objective of this manuscript is to design a high-order sliding-mode observer to provide finite time estimation of unmeasurable states (x4: oxygen mass, x5: nitrogen mass) together with the oxygen excess ratio (ratio of the input oxygen flow to the reacted oxygen flow in the cathode). This is done by applying second-order sliding modes through either super twisting or suboptimal controllers to control the proton exchange membrane fuel cell's breathing. The estimated oxygen excess ratio is controlled in a closed-loop system using 2 distinct sliding-mode approaches: a cascaded super twisting controller and a single-loop suboptimal structure. Simulation results are presented to make a quantitative comparison between the cascade and the single-loop configuration. The results verify that the cascade provides accurate reference tracking while the single-loop presents faster convergence.
Control of oxygen excess ratio in a PEM fuel cell system using high-order sliding-mode controller and observer
The main objective of this manuscript is to design a high-order sliding-mode observer to provide finite time estimation of unmeasurable states (x4: oxygen mass, x5: nitrogen mass) together with the oxygen excess ratio (ratio of the input oxygen flow to the reacted oxygen flow in the cathode). This is done by applying second-order sliding modes through either super twisting or suboptimal controllers to control the proton exchange membrane fuel cell's breathing. The estimated oxygen excess ratio is controlled in a closed-loop system using 2 distinct sliding-mode approaches: a cascaded super twisting controller and a single-loop suboptimal structure. Simulation results are presented to make a quantitative comparison between the cascade and the single-loop configuration. The results verify that the cascade provides accurate reference tracking while the single-loop presents faster convergence.
___
- Wang C, Nehrir MH, Shaw SR. Dynamic models and model validation for PEM fuel cells using electrical circuits. IEEE T Energy Convers 2005; 20: 442–451.
- Rakhtala SM, Ghaderi R, Ranjbar A, Fadaeian T, Nabavi A. Current stabilization in fuel cell/battery hybrid system using fuzzy-based controller. In: IEEE 2009 Electrical Power & Energy Conference; 22–23 October 2009. Montreal, QC, Canada: IEEE. pp. 1–6.
- Pukrushpan J, Peng H, Stefanopoulou A. Simulation and analysis of transient fuel cell system performance based on a dynamic reactant flow model. In: Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition; 17–22 November 2002. New Orleans, LA, USA: ASME. pp. 1–12.
- Pukrushpan J, Stefanopoulou A, Peng H. Control of fuel cell breathing. IEEE Contr Syst Mag 2004; 24: 30–46.
- Na W, Gou B, Diong B. Nonlinear control of PEM fuel cells by exact linearization. IEEE T Ind Appl 2007; 43: 1426–1433.
- Na W, Gou B. Feedback-linearization-based nonlinear control for PEM fuel cells. IEEE T Energy Convers 2008; 23: 179–190.
- Na W, Gou B. Exact linearization based nonlinear control of PEM fuel cells. In: IEEE 2007 Power Engineering
- Society General Meeting; 24–28 June 2007. Tampa Bay, FL, USA: IEEE. pp. 1–6.
- Grujicic M, Chittajallu KM, Pukrushpan J. Control of the transient behaviour of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems. J Automobile Eng 2004; 218: 1239–1250.
- Garcia-Gabin W, Dorado F, Bordons C. Real-time implementation of a sliding mode controller for air supply on a PEM fuel cell. J Process Contr 2010; 20: 325–336.
- Kunusch C, Puleston PF, Mayosky MA, Davila A. Sliding mode strategy for PEM fuel cells stacks breathing control using a super-twisting algorithm. IEEE T Control Syst Technol 2009; 17: 167–174.
- Kunusch C, Puleston PF, Mayosky MA, Davila A. Advances in HOSM control design and implementation for PEM fuel cell systems. In: 14th IFAC International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics; 19–21 August 2009. Miedzyzdroje, Poland: IFAC. pp. 1000–1007.
- Kunusch C, Puleston PF, Mayosky MA, Davila A. Efficiency optimization of an experimental PEM fuel cell system via super twisting control. In: 11th International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems; 26–28 June 2010. Mexico City, Mexico: IEEE. pp. 319–324.
- Talj R, Hilairet M, Ortega R. Second order sliding mode control of the moto-compressor of a PEM fuel cell air feeding system, with experimental validation. In: 35th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society; 3–5 November 2009. Porto, Portugal: IEEE. pp. 2790–2795.
- Matraji I, Laghrouche S, Wack M. Cascade control of the moto-compressor of a PEM fuel cell via second order sliding mode. In: 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference; 12–15 December 2011.
- Orlando, FL, USA: IEEE. pp. 633–638. Kazmi H, Bhatti AI, Iqbal M. Parameter estimation of PEMFC system with unknown input. In: 11th International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems; 26–28 June 2010. Mexico City, Mexico: IEEE. pp. 301–306.
- Kazmi H, Bhatti AI. Parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system using sliding mode observer. Int J Innov Comput Inf Control 2012; 8: 5137–5148.
- Kim ES. Observer based nonlinear state feedback control of PEM fuel cell systems. J Electr Eng Technol 2012; 7: 891–897.
- M’Sirdi NK, Rabhi A, Fridman L, Davila J, Delanne Y. Second order sliding-mode observer for estimation of vehicle dynamic parameters. Int J Vehicle Des 2008; 48: 190–207.
- Pisano A, Salimbeni D, Usai E, Rakhtala SM, Ranjbar A. Observer-based output feedback control of a PEM fuel cell system by high-order sliding mode technique. In: European Control Conference; 17–19 July 2013. Zurich, Switzerland: IEEE. pp. 2495–2500.
- Peng H, Pukrushpan J. Control of Fuel Cell Power Systems: Principle, Modeling, Analysis and Feedback Design. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2004.
- Kunusch C, Puleston PF, Mayosky MA, Husar AP. Control-oriented modeling and experimental validation of a PEMFC generation system. IEEE T Energy Conver 2011; 28: 851–861.
- Kunusch C. Second order sliding mode control of a fuel cell stack using a twisting algorithm. MSc, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 2006.
- Isidori A. Nonlinear Control Systems. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 1996.
- Levant A. Higher-order sliding modes, differentiation and output-feedback control. Int J Contr 2003; 76: 924–941.
- Davila J, Rios H, Fridman L. State observation for nonlinear switched systems using nonhomogeneous high-order sliding mode observers. Asian J Control 2012; 14: 911–923.
- Pisano A, Usai E. Sliding mode control: a survey with applications in math. Math Comput Simulat 2011; 81: 954–979.
- Levant A. Quasi-continuous high-order sliding-mode controllers. IEEE T Autom Control 2005; 50: 1812–1816.
- Levant A. Sliding order and sliding accuracy in sliding mode control. Int J Contr 1993; 58: 1247–1263.
- Moreno J, Osorio M. A Lyapunov approach to second-order sliding mode controllers and observers. In: 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC2008); 9–11 December 2008. Cancun, Mexico: IEEE. pp. 2856–2861.
- Moreno J. A linear framework for the robust stability analysis of a generalized super-twisting algorithm. In: 6th IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control; 10–13 January 2009.
- Toluca, Mexico: IEEE. pp. 12–17. Davila A, Moreno J, Fridman L. Optimal Lyapunov function selection for reaching time estimation of super twisting algorithm. In: 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control; 15–18 December 2009. Shanghai, China: IEEE. pp. 8405–8410.
- Shtessel YB, Moreno JA, Plestan F, Fridman L, Poznyak AS. Super-twisting adaptive sliding mode control: a Lyapunov design. In: 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control; 15–17 December 2010. Atlanta, GA, USA: IEEE. pp. 5109–5113.
- Moreno J. A Lyapunov approach to output feedback control using second-order sliding modes. IMA J Math Control Info 2012; 29: 291–308.
- Bartolini G, Pisano A, Usai E, Levant A. On the robust stabilization of nonlinear uncertain systems with incomplete state availability. J Dyn Syst Measure Contr 2000; 122: 738–745.
- Davila J, Fridman L, Pisano A, Usai E. Finite-time state observation for non-linear uncertain systems via higher- order sliding modes. Int J Contr 2009; 82: 1564–1574.