Mehrdad HEIDARI, Ghodratollah SEIFOSSADAT, Morteza RAZAZ

An intelligence-based islanding detection method using DWT and ANN

In this paper, a new method based on artificial neural network (ANN) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is proposed for electrical islanding detection. Transient signals produced during an event are used in the proposed method. ANN is trained to classify the transient events as islanding and nonislanding. The required features for classifying are extracted through DWT of voltage and current transient signals. The proposed method is then simulated on a medium voltage distribution system of CIGRE with 2 kinds of DGs. Results show that this method can detect electrical islands more rapidly and accurately.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Discrete wavelet transform, electrical islanding detection, neural network, distributed generation, distribution system and transient signals

An intelligence-based islanding detection method using DWT and ANN

Keywords:

Discrete wavelet transform, electrical islanding detection, neural network, distributed generation, distribution system and transient signals,

PDF

___

Conclusions
A.M. Massoud, K.H. Ahmed, S.J. Finney, B.W. Williams, “Harmonic distortion-based island detection technique for inverter-based distributed generation”, IET Renew. Power Gener., Vol. 3, pp. 493–507, 2009.
G.H. Gonzalez, R. Iravani, “Current injection for active islanding detection of electronically-interfaced distributed resources”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, pp. 1698–1705, 2006.
IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems, IEEE Std. 1547.1-2005, July 2005.
W. Xu, G. Zhang, C. Li, W. Wang, G. Wang, J. Kliber, “A power line signaling based technique for anti-islanding protection of distributed generators – Part I: scheme and analysis”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 22, pp. 1758–1766, 2007.
W. Wang, J. Kliber, G. Zhang, W. Xu, B. Howell, T. Palladino, “A power line signaling based scheme for anti- islanding protection of distributed generators – Part II: field test results”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 22,
pp. 1767–1772, 2007.
R.E. Bratton, “Transfer-trip relaying over a digitally multiplexed fiber optic link”, IEEE Trans. on Power Appar. Syst., Vol. 103, pp. 403–406, 1984.
B. Bozoki, “Effects of noise on transfer-trip carrier relaying”, IEEE Trans. on Power Appar. Syst., Vol. 87, pp. 173–179, 1968.
E.M. Davidson, S.D.J. McArthur, J.R. McDonald, T. Cumming, I. Watt, “Applying multi-agent system technology in practice: automated management and analysis of SCADA and digital fault recorder data”, IEEE Trans. on Power
Syst., Vol. 21, pp. 559–567, 2006.
H.H. Zeineldin, J.L. Kirtley, “A simple technique for islanding detection with negligible non-detection zone”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 24, pp. 779–786, 2009.
W. Freitas, W. Xu, C.M. Affonso, Z. Huang, “Comparative analysis between ROCOF and vector surge relays for distributed generation applications”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, pp. 1315–1324, 2005.
B. Singam, Y. Huil, “Assessing SMS and PJD schemes of anti-islanding with varying quality factor”, IEEE Power and Energy Conf., pp. 196–201, 2006.
S.I. Jang, K.H. Kim, “An islanding detection method for distributed generations using voltage unbalance and total harmonic distortion of current”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, pp. 745–752, 2004.
J.C.M. Vieira, W. Freitas, W. Xu, A. Morelato, “Efficient coordination of ROCOF and frequency relays for distributed generation protection by using the application region”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, pp. 1878–1884, 2006.
S.K. Salman, D.J. King, G. Weller, “New loss of mains detection algorithm for embedded generation using rate of change of voltage and changes in power factors”, IEE Developments in Power System Protection Conf., pp. 82–85, 2001.
V. Menon, M.H. Nehrir, “A hybrid islanding detection technique using voltage unbalance and frequency set point”, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol. 22, pp. 442–448, 2007.
H.H. Zeineldin and M.M.A. Salama, “Impact of load frequency dependence on the NDZ and performance of the SFS islanding detection method,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 58, pp. 139–146, 2011.
Y. Jung, J. Choi, B. Yu, J. So, G. Yu, “A novel active frequency drift method of islanding prevention for the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter”, IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf., pp. 1915–1921, 2005.
L.A.C. Lopes, S. Huili, “Performance assessment of active frequency drifting islanding detection methods”, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., Vol. 21, pp. 171–180, 2006.
X. Wang, W. Freitas, W. Xu, V. Dinavahi, “Impact of DG interface-controls on the SANDIA frequency shift anti-islanding method”, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., Vol. 22, pp. 792–794, 2007.
G.K. Hung, C.C. Chang, C.L. Chen, “Automatic phase-shift method for islanding detection of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters”, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., Vol. 18, pp. 169–173, 2003.
J.B. Jeong, H.J. Kim, “Active anti-islanding method for PV system using reactive power control”, IEEE Electron. Lett., Vol. 42, pp. 1004–1005, 2006.
M. Ropp, J. Ginn, J. Stevens, W. Bower, S. Gonzalez, “Simulation and experimental study of the impedance detection anti-islanding method in the single-inverter case”, IEEE Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Conf., Vol. 2, pp. 2379–2382, 2006.
H.H. Zeineldin, E.F. El-Saadany, and M.M.A. Salama, “Distributed generation micro-grid operation: Control & protection”, Power Systems Conf., Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources, pp. 105–111, 2006.
Y.H. Liy, T.S. Luor, S.J. Huang, J.M. Lin, “Method and system for detecting stand-alone operation of a distributed generating system”, U.S. Patent 7 342 758, 2008.
C.T. Hsieh, J.M. Lin, S.J. Huang, “Enhancement of islanding-detection of distributed generation systems via wavelet transform-based approaches”, Int. J. Elect. Power Energy Syst., Vol. 30, pp. 575–580, 2008.
W. Xu, K. Mauch, S. Martel, “An assessment of distributed generation islanding detection methods and issues for Canada”, Natural Resources Canada, 2004.
O. Samuelsson, N. Strath, “Islanding detection and connection requirements”, Power Engineering Society General Meeting, IEEE, p. 1, 2007.
D. Persson, “Islanding detection in power electronic converter based distributed generation”, Masters thesis, Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, 2007.
C.T. Hsieh, J.M. Lin, S.J. Huang, “Enhancement of islanding-detection of distributed generation systems via wavelet transform-based approaches”, Int. J. Elect. Power Energy Syst., Vol. 30, pp. 575–580, 2008.
N.W.A. Lidula, N. Perera, A.D. Rajapakse, “Investigation of a fast islanding detection methodology using transient signals”, Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. General Meet., pp. 1–6, 2009.
A. Pigazo, M. Liserre, R.A. Mastromauro, V.M. Moreno, A.D. Aquila, “Wavelet based islanding detection algorithm for single-phase PV distributed generation systems”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, pp. 4445– 4455, 2009.
K.E. Arroudi, G. Jo´os, I. Kamwa, D.T. McGillis, “Intelligent based approach to islanding detection in distributed generation”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 22, pp. 828–835, 2007.
N.W.A. Lidula, A.D. Rajapakse, “A pattern recognition approach for detecting power islands using transient signals—Part I: design and implementation”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 25, pp. 3070–3077, 2010. [34] M.S. El-Nozahy, E.F. El-Saadany, M.M.A. Salama, “A robust wavelet-ANN based technique for islanding detection”, IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 1–8, 2011.
A. Graps, “An introduction to wavelets”, Comput. Sci. Eng., Vol. 2, pp. 50–61, 1995.
H. Demuth, M. Beale, “Neural Network Toolbox for Use with MATLABR⃝, version 4”, MathWorks, 2002.
S. Haykin, Neural Networks, 2nd edition, Delhi, India, 2005.
K. Rudion, A. Orths, Z.A. Styczynski, K. Strunz, “Design of benchmark of medium voltage distribution network for investigation of DG integration”, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006.
C.H. Kim, R. Aggarwal, “Wavelet transforms in power systems—Part 2: Examples of application to actual power system transients”, IEEE Power Eng. J., Vol. 15, pp. 193–202, 2000.
T. Funabashi, K. Koyanagi, and R. Yokoyama, “A review of islanding detection methods for distributed resources,” in Proc. IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conf., 2003, Vol. 2, pp. 6–11.
A. Etxegarai, P. Egu´ıa, and I. Zamora, “Analysis of remote islanding detection methods for distributed resources,” presented at the Int. Conf. Renew. Energies Power Quality, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, Apr. 2011.
N.W.A. Lidula, A.D. Rajapakse, “A pattern-recognition approach for detecting power islands using transient signals—Part II: performance evaluation”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 27, pp. 1071–1080, 2012.