Geological and palaeoseismological evidence for late pleistocene−holocene activity on the Manisa Fault Zone, Western Anatolia

Batı Anadolu’da İzmir ve Manisa şehri yakınlarında tarihsel dönemlerde büyük depremlerin meydana gelmiş olması, bu bölgede önemli sismojenik fayların varlığına işaret etmektedir. Ancak, bu faylar şimdiye kadar ayrıntılı bir şekilde araştırılmamışlardır. Bu bölgede bulunan Manisa Fay Zonu (MFZ) büyük ölçekli aktif normal fay sistemidir ve bu zon üzerinde gerçekleştirilen arazi gözlemleri ile paleosismolojik çalışmalar, gelecekteki depremlerin tahmin edilebilmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, MFZ’nun Holosen aktivitesine ait jeolojik ve paleosismolojik veriler sunulmuştur. Tarihsel dönem yüzey faylanmalarının zamanını ve büyüklüklerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla, ayrıntılı fay izi haritalaması, geç Pleyistosen−erken Holosen yaşlı sedimanların incelenmesi, radyokarbon yaşlandırma yöntemleri kullanılarak hendek çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hendek verileriyle eski deprem kataloğu bilgileri karşılaştırıldığında üç depreme ait izler saptanmıştır; bunlar sırasıyla, 926, 1595 veya 1664 ve 1845 depremlerine karşılık gelmektedir. Ayrıca, batı, orta ve doğu bölgelerden oluşan üç ana sismojenik zon tanımlanmıştır. Fay sarplığının Pliyosen−Kuvaterner zamanındaki düşey atım miktarının batı bölümde daha az olması bu bölümlerin bağımsız olarak hareket ettiklerini göstermektedir. Arazi çalışmaları, MFZ’nun geç Pleyistosen ve Holosen’de bölgede meydana gelen ve yüzey kırığı oluşturan depremlerin kaynağı olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Manisa şehrini etkileyen tarihsel depremlere neden olan faylar ve bu fayların tektonik mekanizmaları üzerine elde edilen ilk paleosismolojik verileri oluşturmaktadır.

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