A. Sami Derman & Kemal GÜRBÜZ, Kemal GÜRBÜZ

Erken Miyosen Yaşlı Eski Vadi Dolgusunun Tabiatı, Sediman Kaynağı ve İlişkileri: Bunların Karbonat Şelfinden Sediman Esgeçişi İçin Önemi

Gildirli Formasyonu Adana Havzas›’ndaki Neojen yafll› en eski kaya birimidir ve bölgesel olarak genifl yay›l›m gösteren Erken Miyosen denizel transgresyonundan önce geliflmifltir. Kaba taneli k›rm›z› renkli katmanlar bu genifl çana¤›n erken dönem dolgusunun sebepleri hakk›nda önemli ipuçlar› sa¤lar, zira Gildirli Formasyonu sedimanlar› Paleozoyik ve Mesozoyik yafll› temel kayalar› üzerinde aç›lm›fl olan eski topografyay› doldurmaktad›r. Gildirli Formasyonu’nu üzerinde yap›lan ayr›nt›l› çal›flmalar farkl› kaynaklardan beslenen en az iki alüvyon yelpazesinin varl›¤›n› göstermektedir. Gildirli civar›nda yüzeyleyen kuzeydo¤u yelpazesi ofiyolitik melanj, Mezozoyik ve daha yafll› kireçtafllar›ndan türeyen malzemenin yüzeylendi¤i alandan beslenmektedir ve Gildirli Köyü ve civar›ndaki eski topografyan›n düzensizliklerini doldurur. Nergizlik alan›ndaki güneybat› yelpazesinde ise, tamam› kireçtafllar›ndan oluflan ve temeli oluflturan bir kaynak alandan türeyen moloz akmas› ve yayg› sellenmesi çak›ltafllar› hakimdir. Güneybat› yelpazesinin alt seviyeleri yaklafl›k D–B gidiflli (havzan›n kenar›na koflut) dik yamaçl› eski vadileri dolduran düzenli katmanl› karbonat çak›ltafllar›ndan oluflur, buna karfl›l›k yelpazenin üst k›s›mlar› daha çamurludur ve kanall› akarsu ve taflk›n ovas› özellikleri gösterir. Bu iki yelpaze farkl› kaynak alan karakteristikleri gösterir ve olas›l›kla tektonik olarak kontrol edilen yelpazeler aras›ndaki daha önceden var olan yayvan alanlar› doldurmaktad›r. Gildirli Formasyonu k›r›nt›l›lar›n› takip eden havza kenar›ndaki Alt–Orta Miyosen çökelleri k›smen eflyafll›, k›smen zamandan ba¤›ms›z fasiyes topluluklar›n›n bir mozayi¤ini oluflturur. Bu mozayi¤e esas olarak s›¤ denizel karakterli k›r›nt›l›-karbonat kar›fl›m› birim (Kaplankaya Formasyonu), resifal platform karbonat birimi (Karaisal› Formasyonu) ve kaba k›r›nt›l› denizalt› yelpaze sistemi (Cingöz Formasyonu) ile birlikte efl zamanl› derin denizel fleyler (Güvenç Formasyonu) dahildir. Karaisal› Formasyonu’nun kireçtafl› toplulu¤u bu alanda çökelme öncesi faylar›n varl›¤›n› gösteren karaya do¤ru t›rmanan bir depolanma örne¤i sunar ve öne¤imli (havzaya do¤ru e¤imli) geometrilere sahiptir. K›smen eflyafll› olan Cingöz Formasyonu denizalt› yelpazesinin bat› k›s›mlar›, Gildirli Formasyonu zaman› öncesinden beri süregelen eski vadinin oldu¤u alandan beslenmifltir. Bu vadiler havza kenar›na paralel uzan›rlar ve Gildirli Formasyonunun çökeliminden önce geliflen geniflleme tektoni¤i ile geliflmifl olabilirler. Bu nedenle Orta Miyosen yafll› denizalt› yelpazesinin bu k›sm›n›n gidifli, geometrisi ve yeri tektonik olarak oluflan Miyosen öncesi/Erken Miyosen paleomorfolojisi taraf›ndan kontrol ediliyor görünmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Adana Havzası, alüvyon yelpazesi, denizalt› yelpazesi, Miyosen eskivadiler, sediman esgeçmesi, istif stratigrafisi

Nature, Provenance and Relationships of Early Miocene Palaeovalley Fills, Northern Adana Basin, Turkey: Their Significance for Sediment-Bypassing on a Carbonate Shelf

The Gildirli Formation is the oldest Neogene rock unit in the Adana Basin and was formed prior to the regionally extensive Early Miocene marine transgression. These coarse clastic red-beds provide important evidence about the causes and early phases of filling in this large trough, because the Gildirli Formation sediments fill an irregular palaeotopography carved out of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic basement rocks. Detailed study of the Gildirli Formation reveals the existence of at least two alluvial fans supplied from different source areas. A northeastern fan, exposed around Gildirli Village, was fed by streams draining an area of ophiolitic mélange, Mesozoic and older limestones, and fills an irregular palaeomorphology around and northeast of Gildirli. The southwestern fan, in the Nergizlik area, is dominated by debris flow and sheet flow rudites derived from an area of entirely carbonate bedrock. The lower part of the southwestern fan is characterised by well-bedded carbonate breccias and conglomerates that occupy deep, steep-sided palaeovalleys with approximate E-W trends (parallelling the main basin-margin), whereas higher parts of this fan are muddier and show channelised fluvial and floodplain attributes. The two fans display different provenance characteristics and evidently were fed into an intervening pre-existing depression, probably tectonically controlled. The Lower to Middle Miocene sediments that succeed the Gildirli Formation fan clastics on this basin margin form a mosaic of facies associations, partly contemporaneous and partly diachronous. These include a mixed clastic-carbonate unit (Kaplankaya Formation) of mainly shallow marine character, a reefal to platform carbonate unit (Karaisalı Formation), and a coarse clastic submarine fan system (Cingöz Formation) together with its coeval deep-marine shales (Güvenç Formation). The limestone bodies of the Karaisalı Formation in this area display clinoformal geometries that accord with a backstepping pattern and also attest to pre-existing fault control of the steep basin margin. The western part of the partly contemporaneous Cingöz Formation submarine fan system has been supplied through a feeder-channel that now occupies the palaeovalley depression inherited from pre-Gildirli Formation times. The palaeovalley system shows a margin-parallel trend and might have been developed before the deposition of the Gildirli Formation by extensional tectonics. Thus the location, geometry and orientation of this sector of the mid-Miocene submarine fan appears to have been determined by the tectonically mediated pre-Miocene/Early Miocene palaeomorphology.

Keywords:

Adana Basin, alluvial fan, submarine fan, palaeovalley, sediment bypassing, sequence stratigraphy,

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