Tin-sulfur based catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination

In the present work, tin-sulfur based catalysts were prepared using $Na2 SO3$ and $(CH_3 SO_3 )_2$ Sn and were tested in acetylene hydrochlorination. Based on the analysis of experiments results, the acetylene conversion of $(CH3 SO3 )_2$Sn/S@AC is still over 90%after a 50 h reaction, at the reaction conditions of T = 200 o $C, V_{HCl}/V_{C2H}2 = 1.1:1.0 and C2 H2 -GSHV = 15 h^{–1}$. According to the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), HCl adsorption experiments, and acetylene temperature programmed desorption $(C_2 H_2 -TPD)$, it is reasonable to conclude that the interaction between Sn and S not only can retard the oxidation of Sn2+ in catalysts but also strengthen the reactant adsorption capacity of tin-based catalysts. Furthermore, results obtained from nitrogen adsorption/desorption and XPS proved that the CH3 SO3 - can effectively decrease the coke deposition of $(CH_3 SO_3 )_2$ Sn/AC and thus prolong the lifetime of $(CH_3 SO_3 )_2 Sn/AC.$

PDF

___

1. Hao X, Luo G. Green production of PVC from laboratory to industrialization: state-of-the-art review of heterogeneous non-mercury catalysts for acetylene hydro chlorination. Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 2018; 65 (25): 13-25. doi: 10.1016/j. jiec.2018.05.009
2. Zhong J, Xu Y, Liu Z. Heterogeneous non-mercury catalysts for acetylene hydro chlorination: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Green Chemistry 2018; 20 (11): 2412-2427. doi: 10.1039/C8GC00768C
3. Zhu M, Wang Q, Chen K, Wang Y, Huang C et al. Development of a heterogeneous non-mercury catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination. ACS Catalysis 2015; 65 (25): 5306-5316. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01178
4. Selin H. Global environmental law and treaty-making on hazardous substances: the minamata convention and mercury abatement. Global Environmental Politics 2014; 14 (1): 1-19. doi: 10.1162/GLEP_a_00208
5. Gustin MS, Amos HM, Huang J. Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2015; 15 (10): 5697-5713. doi: 10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015
6. Harris HH, Pickering IJ, George GN. The chemical form of mercury in fish. Science 2003; 301 (5637): 1203-1203. doi: 10.1126/ science.1085941
7. Johnston P, Carthey N, Hutchings GJ. Discovery, development, and commercialization of gold catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2015; 137 (46): 14548-14557. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b07752
8. Conte M, Carley AF, Attard G, Herzing AA, Kiely CJ et al. Hydrochlorination of acetylene using supported bimetallic Au-based catalysts. Journal of Catalysis 2008; 257 (1): 190-198. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.04.024
9. Hutchings GJ. Heterogeneous gold catalysis. ACS Central Science 2018; 4 (9): 1095-1101. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00306
10. Nkosi B. Hydrochlorination of acetylene using gold catalysts: a study of catalyst deactivation. Journal of Catalysis 1991; 128 (2): 366-377. doi: 10.1016/0021-9517(91)90295-F
11. Malta G, Kondrat SA, Freakley SJ, Davies CJ, Lu L et al. Identification of single-site gold catalysis in acetylene hydro chlorination. Science 2017; 355 (6332): 1399-1403. doi: 10.1126/science.aal3439
12. Malta G, Freakley SJ, Kondrat SA, Hutchings GJ. Acetylene hydrochlorination using Au/carbon: a journey towards single site catalysis. Chemical Communications 2017; 53: 11733-11746. doi.org/10.1039/C7CC05986H
13. Li H, Wang F, Cai W, Zhang J, Zhang X. Hydrochlorination of acetylene using supported phosphorus-doped Cu-based catalysts. Catalysis Science & Technology 2015; 5 (12): 5174-5184. doi.org/10.1039/C5CY00751H
14. Zhai Y, Zhao J, Di X, Di S, Wang B et al. Carbon-supported perovskite-like $CsCuCl_3$ nanoparticles: a highly active and cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride. Catalysis Science & Technology 2018; 8 (11): 2901-2908. doi: 10.1039/C8CY00291F
15. Ren Y, Wu B, Wang F, Li Hang, Lv G et al. Chlorocuprate (i) ionic liquid as an efficient and stable Cu-based catalyst for hydrochlorination of acetylene. Catalysis Science & Technology 2019; 9: 2868-2878. doi: 10.1039/C9CY00401G
16. Wang Y, Nian Y, Zhang J, Li W, Han Y. MOMTPPC improved Cu-based heterogeneous catalyst with high efficiency for acetylene hydrochlorination. Molecular Catalysis 2019; 479. doi: 10.1016/J.MCAT.2019.110612
17. Deng G, Wu B, Li T, Liu G, Wang L et al. Development of solid-phase non-mercury catalyst for synthesis of vinyl chloride by acetylene method. Polyvinyl Chloride 1994; (6): 5-9. doi: CNKI:SUN:JLYA.0.1994-06-001
18. Wu Y, Li F, Xue J, Lv Z. Sn-imidazolates supported on boron and nitrogen-doped activated carbon as novel catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination. Chemical Engineering Communications 2020; 207 (9): 1203-1215. doi: 10.1080/00986445.20191641700
19. Wu Y, Li F, Lv Z, Xue J. Carbon-supported binary Li-Sn catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2019; 23 (8): 1219-1230. doi: 10.1016/J.JSCS.2019.08.002
20. Wu Y, Li B, Li F, Xue J, Lv Z. Synthesis and characteristics of organotin-based catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 2018; 96 (5): 447-452. doi: 10.1139/CJC-2017-0612
21. Tai Q, Guo X, Tang G, You P, Ng TW, et al. Antioxidant grain passivation for air‐stable tin‐based perovskite solar cells. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019; 58 (3): 806-810. doi: 10.1002/anie.201811539
22. Hu D, Wang L, Wang F, Wang J. Active carbon supported S-promoted Bi catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters 2018; 29 (9): 1413-1416. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.12.017
23. Chen K, Kang L, Zhu M, Dai B. Mesoporous carbon with controllable pore sizes as a support of the AuCl3 catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination. Catalysis Science & Technology 2015; 5 (2): 1035-1040. doi: 10.1039/c4cy01172d
24. Jae HK, Sung MC, Sang HN. Influence of Sn content on PtSn/C catalysts for electrooxidation of C1-C3 alcohols: synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalytic activity. Applied Catalysis B Environmental 2008; 82 (1-2): 89-102. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.01.011
25. Ghosh M, Pralong V, Wattiaux A, Sleight AW, Subranabian MA. Tin(II) doped anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles: a potential route to “greener” yellow pigments. Chemistry - An Asian Journal 2009; 4 (6): 881-885. doi: 10.1002/asia.200900028
26. Ranjani VS, Jason MC. Interactions of $SO_2$ with sodium deposited on silica. Journal of Colloid & Interface 1985; 108 (2): 414-422. doi: 10.1016/0021-9797(85)90280-2
27. Siriwardane RV, Cook JM. Interactions of $SO_2$ with sodium deposited on CaO. Journal of Colloid & Interface Science 1986; 114 (2): 525- 535. doi: 10.1016/0021-9797(86)90438-8
28. Peisert H, Chassé T, Streubel P, Meisel A, Szrgan R. Relaxation energies in XPS and XAES of solid sulfur compounds. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy & Related Phenomena 1994; 68: 321-328. doi: 10.1016/0368-2048(94)02129-5
29. Zhou C, Li Q, Wang H, Li D, Jiang D. Thermal analyses for the thermal decomposition of methylsulfonate tin. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese University 2006; 20 (4): 669-672. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-9015.2006.04.033
30. Zhao J, Xu J, Xu J, Ni J, Zhang T et al. Activated‐carbon‐supported gold–cesium(I) as highly effective catalysts for hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride. Chempluschem 2015; 80 (1): 196-201. doi: 10.1002/cplu.201402176
31. Zhang H, Dai B, Li W, Wang X, Zhang J et al. Non-mercury catalytic acetylene hydrochlorination over spherical activated-carbonsupported Au-Co(III)-Cu(II) catalysts. Journal of Catalysis 2014; 316: 141-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.05.005