Ahsan IQBAL, Zulfiqar Ali KHAN, Muhammad USMAN, Ayesha BARI, Muhammad Aamir SAJID, Sohail Anjum SHAHZAD, Shakeel Ahmad KHAN, Abdul H. FAUQ

Synthesis of E-stilbene azomethines as potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agents

A series of new extensively conjugated E -stilbene azomethines (5a–5h) were synthesized and screened fortheir antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The compounds were tested against bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis) and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, andTrichoderma harzianum) using the agar well diffusion method. Among the tested compounds, N ’-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-2-((E)-styryl)benzohydrazide (5g) was found to possess potent antimicrobial activity higher than some drugs withsignificant activity reported in the literature, e.g., cefradine and terbinafine hydrochloride. Additionally, compounds5a–5h were also evaluated for antioxidant potential using DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric thiocyanate (FTC)assays. Among these, N ’-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-((E)-styryl)benzohydrazide (5e) exhibited significant antioxidantpotential by both assays. Compound 5e demonstrated higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 22 ± 0.19µ g/mL) than the standard, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; IC50 = 28 ± 0.10 µ g/mL). A similar trend was observedfor compound 5e in FTC assay, which exhibited 86 ± 0.19% inhibition, whereas the BHT control showed 81 ± 0.21%inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidase. The structure elucidation of the synthesized compounds was carried out by UV-Vis,FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. These results suggest possible use of thesecompounds for the rational design of new antimicrobial and antioxidant agents

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