Victor MKPENIE, John OKAFOR, Okon ABAKED

Parameterization, kinetics, and adsorption isotherm of electrocoagulation process of bromothymol blue in aqueous medium using aluminum electrodes

The removal of bromothymol blue (BTB) from aqueous solution was studied by electrocoagulation (EC)technique using aluminum electrodes. The various experimental conditions known to influence the EC process were parameterized, including the effects of temperature, concentration, current density, pH, and treatment time. The results obtained have shown that optimum removal efficiency of 99.9% was realized at a current density of 20 mA/cm2 and pH of 4.7. The adsorption process showed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model as the best fit to the EC data. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms supported the adsorption of BTB on aluminum hydroxide being the in situ generated electrocoagulant. From the thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption of BTB is spontaneous, as indicated by the negative value of the Gibbs free energy.

PDF

___

1. Bazrafshan, E.; Mohammadi, L.; Moghaddan, A. A.; Mahvi, A. H. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 2015, 13, 1-16.
2. Sun, D.; Zhang, X.; Wu, Y.; Lui, X. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 181, 335-342.
3. Couto, S. R. Biotechnol. Adv. 2009, 27, 227-235.
4. Ghaneian, M. T.; Ghanzadeh, G.; Gholami, M.; Ghaderinasab, F. Zahedan. J. Res. Med. Sci. 2010, 11, 25-34.
5. Salmani, E. R.; Ghobanian, A.; Ahmadzadeh, S.; Dolatabadi, M.; Nemanifar, N. Iranian Journal of Health, Safety, and Environment 2016, 3, 403-417.
6. Khandegar, V.; Saroha, A. K. J. Environ. Manage. 2013, 128, 949-963.
7. Naje, A. S.; Chelliapan, S.; Zakaria, Z.; Abbas, S. A. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2015, 10, 4495-4512.
8. Aber, S.; Amani-Ghadim, A. R.; Mirzajani, V. J. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 171, 484-490.
9. Kumar, D.; Gaurav, V. K.; Sharma, C. American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018, 9, 2462-2479.
10. Fadali, O. A.; Ebraheim, A. A.; El-Gamil, A.; Altaher, H. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 9, 62-74.
11. Sayuti, S. C.; Mohd Azoddein, A. A. Malaysian J. Anal. Sci. 2015, 19, 663-668.
12. Deghani, M.; Hoseini, M.; Fath-Aabaadi, M. F.; Elhamiyan, Z.; Shamsedini, N.; Ghanbarian, M.; Nourozi, A. Jundishapur. J. Health. Sci. 2016, 8, 1-11.
13. Hashim, K. S.; Khaddar, R. A.; Jasim, N.; Shaw, A.; Phipps, D.; Kot, P.; Pedrola, M. O.; Alattabi, A. W.; Addulredha, M.; Alwsh, R. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2019, 210, 135-144.
14. Kamaraj, R.; Davidson, D. J.; Sozhan, G ; Vasudevan, S. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 39799-39809.
15. Pandiarajan, A.; Kamaraj, R.; Vasudevan, S. New J. Chem. 2017, 41, 4518-4530.
16. Alimohammadi, A.; Askari, M.; Dehghami, M. H.; Dalvand, A.; Saeed, R.; Yetilmezsoy, K.; Heibati, B.; McKay, G. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 14, 2125-2134.
17. Mkpenie, V. N.; Essien, E. A.; Etim, U. J. Int. J. Sci. Res. 2014, 3, 292-295.
18. Daneshvar, N.; Oladegaragoze, A.; Djafarzadeh, N. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, 129, 116-122.
19. Holt, P. K.; Barton, G. W.; Mitchell, C. A. Chemosphere 2005, 59, 355-367.
20. Harif, T.; Khai, M. Adin, A. Water Res. 2012, 46, 3177-3188.
21. Deb, T. K.; Majumdar, S. Int. J. Environ. Bioener. 2013, 6, 96-116.
22. Bazrafshan, E.; Ownagh, K. A.; Mahvi, A. H. E-Journal of Chemistry 2012, 9, 2297-2308.
23. Mkpenie, V. N.; Abakedi, O. U. Curr. Res. Chem. 2015, 7, 34-43.
24. Mkpenie, V. N.; Udo, U. AASCIT J. Chem. 2015, 2, 116-122.
25. Nasser, M. G.; Alaa, M. S.; Nader, B. F. J. Chem. Eng. Process Technol. 2016, 7, 269-275.
26. Chen, G. H. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2004, 38, 11-41.
27. Malakootain, M.; Moosazadeh, M.; Yousefi, N.; Fatehizadeh, A. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 5, 299-306.
28. Zohre, S.; Ataallah, S. G.; Mehdi, A. J. Water Environ. Eng. 2010, 2, 16-28.
29. Vasudevan, S.; Lakshmi, J.; Sozhan, G. Water Environ. Res. 2012, 84, 209-219.
30. Kamaraj, R.; Pandiarajan, A.; Gandhi, M. R.; Shibayama, A.; Vasudevan, S. Chem. Select 2017, 2, 342-355.
31. Kamaraj, R.; Pandiarajan, A.; Jayakiruba, S.; Naushad, M.; Vasudevan, S. J. Mol. Liq. 2016, 215, 204-211.
32. Ghanim, A. N.; Ajjam, S. K. Civil Environ. Res. 2013, 3, 64-73.
33. Parga, J. R.; Vasquez, V.; Moreno, H. J. Metall. 2009, 2009, 1-9