Multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode as a sensor for sensitive determination of deferasirox in the presence of uric acid: application for the analysis of pharmaceutical and biological samples
Multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode as a sensor for sensitive determination of deferasirox in the presence of uric acid: application for the analysis of pharmaceutical and biological samples
In this work, the electrochemical oxidation of deferasirox at a multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode (MWCNTPE) was described. The electrochemical behavior of deferasirox was studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques and parameters such as charge transfer coefficient (α), the number of electrons involved in the rate-determining step $(n_a)$, and diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated. The capability of the electrode for the determination of deferasirox at low concentrations was investigated using the differential pulse voltammetry technique. It was found that the calibration graph of deferasirox was linear in the concentration range of 0.16–16.5 µM and its detection limit was determined to be approximately 0.1 µM. The diffusion coefficient was calculated to be $1.8 × 10 ^{−6} cm2 s ^{−}1$ for deferasirox. The differential pulse voltammetry method could be used as an effective technique for the determination of deferasirox at the MWCNTPE in the presence of uric acid. The MWCNTPE was successfully used as a sensor for sensitive detection of deferasirox in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
___
- 1. Desai, N.; Senta, R. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2015, 9, 245-251.
- 2. Somisetty, V. S. R.; Dhachinamoorthi, D.; Rahaman, S.; Rao, C. M. P. Int. J. ChemTech. Res. 2013, 5, 1861-1868.
- 3. Borgna-Pignatti, C.; Cappellini, M.; Stefano, P.; Vecchio, G.; Forni, G.; Gamberini, M.; Ghilardi, R.; Origa, R.; Piga, A.; Romeo, M. et al. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2005, 1054, 40-47.
- 4. Borgna-Pignatti, C.; Vergine, G.; Lombardo, T.; Cappellini, M. D.; Cianciulli, P.; Maggio, A.; Renda, D.; Lai, M. E.; Mandas, A.; Forni, G. et al. Br. J. Haematol. 2004, 124, 114-117.
- 5. Porter, J. B. Br. J. Haematol. 2001, 115, 239-252.
- 6. Anandakumar, K.; Chinthala, R.; Subhash, V.; Jayamariappan, M. J. Pharm. Res. 2011, 4, 2998-3000.
- 7. Chakravarthy, V.; Gowrisankar, D. J. Global Trends Pharm. Sci. 2010, 1, 37-45.
- 8. Kaja, R. K.; Surendranath, K.; Radhakrishnanand, P.; Satish, J.; Satyanarayana, P. Chromatographia 2010, 72, 441-446.
- 9. Khan, M. A.; Sinha, S.; Todkar, M.; Parashar, V.; Reddy, K. S.; Kulkarni, U. Int. J. Pharm. Biomed. Res. 2011, 2, 128-134.
- 10. Manzoori, J. L.; Jouyban, A.; Amjadi, M.; Panahi-Azar, V.; Tamizi, E.; Vaez-Gharamaleki, J. Luminescence 2011, 26, 244-250.
- 11. Sambasivarao, V.; Phani, R.; Seetharaman, R.; Lakshmi, K. IJPI’s Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011, 1, 31-35.
- 12. Marathe, G. M.; Pande, V. V.; Patil, P. H.; Mutha, R. E.; Bari, S. B. Indian Drugs 2013, 50, 27-32.
- 13. Kissinger, P.; Heineman, W. R. Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 1996.
- 14. Ozkan, S. A.; Uslu, B.; Aboul-Enein, H. Y. ¨ Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2003, 33, 155-181.
- 15. Smyth, M. R.; Vos, J. G. Analytical Voltammetry. Elsevier: Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1992.
- 16. Wang, J. Electroanalytical Techniques in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. VCH: New York, NY, USA, 1996.
- 17. Hajjizadeh, M.; Jabbari, A.; Heli, H.; Moosavi-Movahedi, A.; Shafiee, A.; Karimian, K. Anal. Biochem. 2008, 373, 337-348.
- 18. Heli, H.; Yadegari, H.; Karimian, K. J. Exp. Nanosci. 2011, 6, 488-508.
- 19. Sattarahmady, N.; Heli, H. Sens. Lett. 2012, 10, 794-805.
- 20. Ensafi, A. A.; Maleh, H. K. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2010, 5, 1484-1495.
- 21. Apetrei, C.; Rodriguez-M´endez, M.; Parra, V.; Gutierrez, F.; De Saja, J. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2004, 103, 145-152.
- 22. Rodr´ıguez-M´endez, M.; Gay, M.; Apetrei, C.; De Saja, J. Electrochim. Acta 2009, 54, 7033-7041.
- 23. Ruiz-Morales, J.; Canales-V´azquez, J.; Marrero-L´opez, D.; Savvin, S.; N´unez, P.; Dos Santos-Garc´ıa, A.; S´anchezBautista, C.; Pe˜na-Mart´ınez, J. Carbon 2010, 48, 3964-3967.
- 24. Svancara, I.; Vytˇras, K.; Barek, J.; Zima, J. ˇ Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2001, 31, 311-45.
- 25. Ensafi, A. A.; Karimi-Maleh, H. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2010, 640, 75-83.
- 26. Beitollahi, H.; Karimi-Maleh, H.; Khabazzadeh, H. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 9848-9851.
- 27. Mazloum-Ardakani, M.; Beitollahi, H.; Ganjipour, B.; Naeimi, H. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2010, 5, 531-546.
- 28. Norouzi, P.; Faridbod, F.; Larijani, B.; Ganjali, M. R. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2010, 5, 1213-1224.
- 29. Treacy, M. J.; Ebbesen, T.; Gibson, J. Nature 1996, 381, 678-680. 30. Bard, A. J.; Faulkner, I. R. Electrochemical Methods, Fundamentals and Applications. Wiley: New York, NY, USA,
- 2001.
- 31. Pournaghi-Azar, M. H.; Saadatirad, A. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2008, 624, 293-298.
- 32. Pournaghi-Azar, M. H.; Ahour, F. Electroanalysis 2010, 22, 2413-2420.