Tuncay DİRMENCİ, Halil Erhan EROĞLU, AHMET KAHRAMAN, Havva BOZKURT, Esra MARTİN

Karyotype evolution and new chromosomal data in Erodium: chromosome alteration, polyploidy, dysploidy, and symmetrical karyotypes

Chromosomal data are valuable and very useful for revealing evolution and speciation processes. Due to its wide distributionthroughout the world, morphological differences, and chromosomal alterations, Erodium L’Hér. is an important genus for investigatingthe relationship between chromosomal alterations and karyotype evolution. In the present study, the chromosome records of 15 taxa areprovided; three are reported here for the first time (E. birandianum, E. gaillardotii, and E. hendrikii), seven present new chromosomenumbers, and five are in agreement with previous reports. Karyotype evolution is summarized in the light of this data, and four differentgenomes are presented in the genus. Millions of years ago the ancestral karyotype was x = 9 in Asia (Genome I). Then, karyotypes x = 8(Genome II) and x = 10 (Genome III) were shaped through dysploidy in Anatolia and Asia. They were distributed in the MediterraneanBasin through the Anatolian land bridge and in North and South America via the Bering land bridge and the North Atlantic land bridge.Finally, a high proportion of polyploidization was observed in secondary centers, especially the Mediterranean Basin and Australia(Genome IV).

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