Plant Growth Promoting Properties of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Wheat and Pea Grown in Loamy Sand Soil
Microbes are important catalysts to regulate functional properties of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from wheat and peas and examined for their plant growth promoting properties. The effects of bacterial inoculants on the growth of peas and wheat were studied in a series of pot experiments using loamy sand soil. The results showed that the colonisation of bacteria was higher in the rhizosphere as compared to the phyllosphere of both plants. Bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Kocuria, and Microbacterium, and Cellulomonas species. The response of wheat and peas when inoculated with bacteria was significantly positive over the control. After inoculation with effective bacterial strains, the root and shoot growth, and nodulation of peas were increased. However, the strains stimulated only the roots of wheat. Independent of the origin (rhizosphere vs. phyllosphere), bacterial strains produced indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), which most probably accounted for the overall synergistic effect on growth of peas and wheat.
Plant Growth Promoting Properties of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Wheat and Pea Grown in Loamy Sand Soil
Microbes are important catalysts to regulate functional properties of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from wheat and peas and examined for their plant growth promoting properties. The effects of bacterial inoculants on the growth of peas and wheat were studied in a series of pot experiments using loamy sand soil. The results showed that the colonisation of bacteria was higher in the rhizosphere as compared to the phyllosphere of both plants. Bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Kocuria, and Microbacterium, and Cellulomonas species. The response of wheat and peas when inoculated with bacteria was significantly positive over the control. After inoculation with effective bacterial strains, the root and shoot growth, and nodulation of peas were increased. However, the strains stimulated only the roots of wheat. Independent of the origin (rhizosphere vs. phyllosphere), bacterial strains produced indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), which most probably accounted for the overall synergistic effect on growth of peas and wheat.
___
- Lindberg T, Granhall U, Tomenius K. Infectivity and acetylene reduction of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions. Biol Fertil Soil 1: 123-129, 1985.
- Cleland RE. Proton export, ATPase and hormone action. In M Kutacek, MC Elliot, I Machackova (Eds), Molecular Aspects of Hormonal Regulation of Plant Development, Proceedings of the 14th Biochemical Congress. Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp 185-194, 1990.
- Frankenberger J, Arshad M. Phytohormones in Soils: Microbial Production and Function, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995.
- Barea JM, Navarro E, Montoya E. Production of plant growth regulators by rhizosphere phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. J Appl Bacteriol 40: 129-134, 1976.
- Riehm H. Arbeitsvorschrift zur Bestimmung der Phosphorsäure und des Kaliums nach der Laktatmethode. Zeitschrift Pflanzen, Düngung, Bodenkunde 40: 152-156, 1985.
- Hirte WF. Glyzerin-Pepton-Agar, ein vorteilhafter Nährboden für bodenbakteriologische Arbeiten. Zbl. Bakt 114: 141-146, 1961.
- Behrendt U, Müller T, Seyfarth W. The influence of extensification in grassland management on the populations of microorganisms in the phyllosphere of grasses. Microbiol Research 152: 75-85,
- Bric JM, Bostock RM, Silverstone SE. Rapid in situ assay for indolacetic acid production by bacteria immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane. Appl Env Microbiol 57: 535-538, 1991.
- Bano N, Musarrat J. Characterization of a new Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NJ-15 as a potential biocontrol agent. Curr Microbiol 46: 324-328, 2003.
- Höflich G, Tappe E, Kühn G et al. Einfluß associativer Rhizosphärenbakterien auf die Nährstoffaufnahme und den Ertrag von Mais. Archive Acker Pflanzen Boden 41: 323-333, 1997.
- Defreitas JR, Germida JJ, Growth promotion of winter wheat fluorescent Pseudomonas under field conditions. Soil Biol Biochem 24: 1137-1146, 1992.
- Groppa M, Zawoznik MS, Tomaro ML. Effect of co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japanicum and Azospirillum brasilense on soybean plants. European J Soil Biol 34: 75-80, 1998.
- Egamberdiyeva D, Hoflich G. Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of cotton and pea in a semi-arid region of Uzbekistan. J Arid Environ 56: 293-301, 2004.
- Lifshitz R, Kloepper JW, Kozlowski M et al. Growth promotion of canola (rapeseed) seedlings by a strain of Pseudomonas putida under gnotobiotic conditions. Canadian J Microbiol 33: 390, 1987.
- Zimmer W, Kloos K, Hundeshagen B et al. Auxin biosynthesis and denitrification in plant growth promotion bacteria. In I. Fendrik, M. del Gallo, J. Vanderleyden, de Zamaroczy, M., (Eds.). Azospirillum VI and related microorganisms. NATO Advanced Science Institutes, Series G: Ecological Science 37: 120-141, 1995.
- Patten CL, Glick BR. Role of Pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 3795-3801, 2000.
- Leinhos V, Vasek O. Biosynthesis of auxins by phosphate- solubilizing rhizobacteria from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rye (Secale cereale). Microbiol Research 149: 31-35, 1994.
- Prokryl Z, Vancura V, Wurst M. Auxin formation by rhizosphere bacteria as a factor of root growth. Biologia Plantarum 27: 159- 163, 1985.
- Costacurta A, Vanderleyden J. Synthesis of phytohormones by plant-associated bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 21: 1-18, 1995.
- Holl FB, Chanway CP, Turkington R et al. Response of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to inoculation with Bacillus polymyxa. Soil Biol Biochem 20: 19-24, 1988.