In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Salvadora persica L. Extracts Against Some Isolated Oral Pathogens in Iraq

Aqueous and methanol extracts of Salvadora persica L., a plant used in Iraq for oral hygiene, was investigated for its antimicrobial activities against 7 isolated oral pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using disc diffusion and micro-well dilution assays. According to both antimicrobial assays the aqueous extract inhibited all isolated microorganisms, especially the Streptococcus species, and was more efficient than the methanol extract, which was resisted by Lacto. acidophilus and Ps. aeruginosa. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed using the aqueous extract against Strep. faecalis (zone of inhibition: 22.3 mm; MIC: 0.781 mg/ml). Both extracts had equal antifungal activity against C. albicans based on the turbidity test (MIC: 6.25 mg/ml).

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Antimicrobial activity, medicinal plants, Salvadora persica, oral hygiene tool

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Salvadora persica L. Extracts Against Some Isolated Oral Pathogens in Iraq

Keywords:

Antimicrobial activity, medicinal plants, Salvadora persica, oral hygiene tool,

PDF

___

Al-Bagieh NH, Idowu A, Salako NO. Effect of aqueous extract of
miswak on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans. Microbios Lett 80: 107-113, 1994.
Ali H, König GM, Khalid SA et al. Evaluation of selected Sudanese medicinal plants for their in vitro activity against hemoflagellates, selected bacteria, HIV-1-RT and tyrosine kinase inhibitory, and for cytotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 83: 219-228, 2002.
Kandil O, Radwan NM, Hassan AB et al. Extracts and fractions of exhibit Thymus Ethnopharmacol 44: 19-24, 1994. antimicrobial activities. J
Chhabra SC, Shao JF, Mshiu EN. Antifungal activity among traditionally used herbs in Tanzania. The Dar Med J 9: 68-73, 1982.
Koneman EW, Allen SD, Dowell UR et al. Color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott; 1988. Mothana RA, Lindequist U. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants of the island Soqotra. J Ethnopharmacol 96: 177-181, 2005.
Sarker SA, Nahar L, Kumarasamy Y. Microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemicals. Methods 42: 321-324, 2007.
Suffredini IB, Sarder HS, Goncalves AG et al. Screening of antibacterial extracts from plants native to the Brazilian Amazon Rain Forest and Atlantic Forest. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 37: 379- 384, 2004.
Almas K. The antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Salvadora persica (Arak) chewing sticks. Indian J Dent Res 10: 23-26, 1999.
Almas K. The antimicrobial effects of seven different types of Asian chewing sticks. Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale 96: 17-20, 2001.
Coates A, Hu Y, Bax R et al. The future challenges facing the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 1: 895-901, 2002.
Darout I, Christy A, Skaug N et al. Identification and Quantification of Some Potentially Antimicrobial Anionic Components in Miswak Extract. Indian J Pharmacol 32: 11-14, 2000.
Kamel MS, Ohtani K, Assaf MH et al. Lignan glycosides from stems of Salvadora persica. Phytochem 31: 2469-2471, 1992.
Abd EL Rahman HF, Skaug N, Whyatt A et al. Volatile compounds in crude Salvadora persica extracts. Pharmaceut Biol 41: 399- 404, 2003.