Farhana MASOOD, Abdul MALIK, Musheer Mohd ALTAF

Impact of long-term application of treated tannery effluents on the emergence of resistance traits in rhizzobium sp. isolated from Trifolium alexandrinum

Dericilik atıklarıyla muamele edilmiş Trifolium alexandrinum (Mısır yoncası)’nın kök nodüllerinden toplam 35 Rhizobium sp. izole edildi ve morfolojik, kültürel biyokimyasal karakteristiklerine göre karakterize edildi. Rizosferik topraklar ve bitki kısımları aynı zamanda metal derişimleri bakımından atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometresinde analiz edildi. Test toprak örnekleri yüksek seviyede krom ve aynı zamanda Ni, Zn, Cu ve Cd gibi diğer ağır metallerle kirletilmiştir. Trifolium alexandrinum bitki kısımlarının ağır metal analizleri bu metallerin kök, gövde ve yaprak gibi farklı bitki kısımlarında farklı şekillerde biriktirdiğini göstermiştir. Trifolium alexandrinum kökleri bu metallerin en yüksek oranlarını biriktirmiştir bunu sırasıyla yapraklar izlemiştir. Tüm Rhizobium sp. izolatları Cr+3, Cr+6, Cd+2, Cu+2, Zn+2 ve Ni+2 metallerine dayanıklılıkları bakımından denenmiştir. En yüksek MIC (Minimal inhibitör derişim) olan 1600 μg/ml, Cr+3‘e karşı izolatların % 37,1’inde gözlenmiştir. Maksimum dayanıklılık gösteren metale dayanıklı izolatların bazılarının yaygın olarak kullanılan Tetrasiklin (T), Ampisilin (Am), Gentamisin (G), Kanamisin (K), Kloramfenikol (C) ve Nalidiksik asit (Na) gibi 6 antibiyotiğe karşı dayanıklılıkları da test edilmiştir. Rhizobium sp. izolatlarının % 40’ının Nalidiksik asite dayanıklı olduğu % 33’ ünün ise Kloramfenikol ve Tetrasikline dayanıklı olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Trifolium alexandrinum'dan izole edilen Rhizobium sp'nin dayanıklılık özelliklerinin ortaya çıkmasında dericilik atıklarının uzun süreli uygulamasının etkisi

A total of 35 Rhizobium sp. were isolated from the root nodules of Trifolium alexandrinum (Egyptian clover) irrigated with treated tannery effluents and characterised on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Rhizospheric soils and plant parts were also analysed for metal concentrations by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The test soil samples were contaminated with a high level of chromium and also with other heavy metals, i.e. Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cd. The heavy metal analysis of Trifolium alexandrinum plant parts revealed different accumulation of these metals in different plant parts, such as root, stem, and leaf. Trifolium alexandrinum roots accumulated the highest amount of these metals and this was followed by leaves. All the isolates of Rhizobium sp. were tested for their resistance against Cr3+, Cr6+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+. The highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1600 μg/ml was observed against Cr3+ in 37.1% of the isolates. Some of the metal resistant isolates that showed maximum resistance were also tested for their resistance against 6 commonly used antibiotics, namely tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid. Forty percent of Rhizobium sp. isolates were resistant against nalidixic acid and 33.3% were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline.

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