Mohammad Reza ABDOLLAHI, Zahra ESHAGHI CHARDOLI, Mohammad MAJDI

Improvement in androgenic response of borage (Borago officinalis L.) cultured anthers using antibrowning agents and picloram

Given the importance of borage (Borago officinalis L.) as a medicinal herb, androgenic studies are necessary in order to speed up the breeding programs of this plant species. In this work, we evaluated the effect of silver nitrate, activated charcoal, ascorbic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), previously described as antibrowning agents and promoters of androgenesis. Adding silver nitrate at a concentration of 5 mg L 1 significantly enhanced the androgenic responses of cultured anthers up to ~2-fold for total calli production (53.33%) and up to ~2.5-fold for embryonic calli and embryo formation (30% and 0.3 embryos/anther, respectively) compared to control culture medium. Culture media containing 5 and 10 mg L 1 silver nitrate and 2 mg L 1 PVP significantly reduced the callus browning and led to increased callus viability in borage cultured anthers. We also evaluated the effect of various combinations of picloram with 2-isopentyl adenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as growth regulators in the standard protocol. Significantly better results were obtained by adding 2 mg L 1 picloram in combination with 2 mg L 1 2,4-D in culture medium. This medium produced the highest frequencies of callogenesis (48.33%), embryogenic calli (20%), and embryo formation (0.2 embryos/anther) compared to control and other growth regulator combinations.

PDF

___

Abdollahi MR, Darbandi M, Hamidvand Y, Majdi M (2015). The influence of phytohormones, wheat ovary co-culture, and temperature stress on anther culture response of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). Braz J Bot 38: 447-456.
Abdollahi MR, Najafi S, Sarikhani H, Moosavi SS (2016). Induction and development of anther derived gametic embryos in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by optimizing the macronutrient and agar concentration in culture medium. Turk J Biol 40: 571-579.
Anagnostakis SL (1974). Haploid plants from anthers of tobacco enhancement with charcoal. Planta 115: 281-283.
Asif M, Eudes F, Randhawa H, Amundsen E, Spaner D (2014). Phytosulfokine alpha enhances microspore embryogenesis in both triticale and wheat. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 116: 125-130.
Ball ST, Zhou H, Konzak CF (1993). Influence of 2,4-D, IAA and duration of callus induction in anther culture of spring wheat. Plant Sci 90: 195-200.
Benson EE (2000). Special symposium: in vitro plant recalcitrance. Do free radicals have a role in plant tissue culture recalcitrance? In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 36: 163-170.
Beyer EM (1976). A potent inhibitor of ethylene action in plants. Plant Physiol 58: 268-271.
Bhojwani SS, Razdan MK (1996). Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice, A Revised Edition. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier.
Broughton S (2008). Ovary co-culture improves embryo and green plant production in anther culture of Australian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 95: 185- 195.
Calic D, Zdravkovi-Korac S, Bohanec B, Radojevic L, Vinterhalter B, Stevovic S, Cingel A, Savic J (2010). Effect of activated charcoal, abscisic acid and polyethileneglycol on maturation, germination and conversion of Aesculus hippocastanum androgenic embryos. Afr J Biotechnol 25: 3786-2793.
Calic D, Zdravkovic-Korac S, Radojevic L (2005). Secondary embryogenesis in androgenic embryo cultures of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Biol Plant 49: 435-438.
Chardoli Eshaghi Z, Abdollahi MR, Moosavi SS, Deljou A, Seguí- Simarro JM (2015). Induction of androgenesis and production of haploid embryos in anther cultures of borage (Borago officinalis L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 122: 321-329.
Chen QF, Wang CL, Lu YM, Shen M, Afza A, Duren MV, Brunner H (2001). Anther culture in connection with induced mutations for rice improvement. Euphytica 120: 401-408.
Custodio L, Carneiro MF, Romano A (2005). Microsporogenesis and anther culture in carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 104: 65-77.
Dieu P, Dunwell JM (1988). Anther culture with different genotypes of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum): effect of cold treatment. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 12: 263-271.
Duncan DB (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1-42.
Dunwell JM (2010). Haploids in flowering plants: origins and exploitation. Plant Biotechnol J 8: 377-424.
Dunwell JM, Francis RJ, Powell W (1987). Anther culture of Hordeum vulgare L.: a genetic study of microspore callus production and differentiation. Theor Appl Genet 74: 60-64.
Ferrie AMR (2013). Advances in microspore culture technology: a biotechnological tool for the improvement of medicinal plants. In: Chandra S, editor. Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants. Berlin, Germany: Springer, pp 191-206.
Forster BP, Heberle-Bors E, Kasha KJ, Touraev A (2007). The resurgence of haploids in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci 12: 368-375.
Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojiwa K (1968). Nutrient requirements of suspension culture of soybean root callus. Exp Cell Res 50: 151-158.
Germanà MA (2011). Anther culture for haploid and doubled haploid production. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 104: 283-300.
Han DS, Niimi Y, Nakano M (1997). Regeneration of haploid plants from anther cultures of the Asiatic hybrid lily Connecticut King. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 47: 153-158.
Han DS, Niimi Y, Nakano M (2000). Long term maintenance of an anther-derived haploid callus line of the Asiatic hybrid lily Connecticut King. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 61: 215-219.
Horner M, McComb JA, McComb AJ, Street HE (1977). Ethylene production and plantlet formation by Nicotiana anthers cultured in the presence and absence of charcoal. J Exp Bot 28: 1366-1372.
Ishizaka H (1998). Production of microspore derived plants by anther culture of an inter-specific F1 hybrid between Cyclamen persicum and C. purpurascens. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 54: 21-28.
Ismaili A, Pour Mohammadi P (2016). Effect of genotype, induction medium, carbohydrate source, and polyethylene glycol on embryogenesis in maize (Zea mays L.) anther culture. Acta Physiol Plant 38: 74.
Jacquard C, Asakaviciute R, Hamalian AM, Sangwan RS, Devaux P, Clement C (2006). Barley anther culture: effects of annual cycle and spike position on microspore embryogenesis and albinism. Plant Cell Rep 25: 375-381.
Jia Y, Zhang Q, Pan H, Wang S, Lin, Q, Sun L (2014). Callus induction and haploid plant regeneration from baby primrose (Primula forbesii franch.) anther culture. Sci Hortic 176: 273-281.
Johansson L (1983). Effects of activated charcoal in anther cultures. Physiol Plant 59: 397-403.
Johansson L, Andersson B, Eriksson T (1982). Improvement of anther culture technique: Activated charcoal bound in agar medium in combination with liquid medium and elevated CO2 concentration. Physiol Plant 54: 24-30.
Lashermes P (1992). Improved anther culture method for obtaining direct regeneration in wheat (Triricum aestivum L.). J Genet Breed 46: 99-102.
Lichter R (1982). Induction of haploid plants from isolated pollen of Brassica napus. Z Pflanzenphysiol 105: 427-434.
Malabadi RB, van Staden J (2005). Role of antioxidants and amino acids on somatic embryogenesis of Pinus patula. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 41: 181-186.
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473-497.
Na H, Hwang G, Kwak JH, Yoon MK, Chun C (2011). Microspore derived embryo formation and doubled haploid plant production in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italica) according to nutritional and environmental conditions. Afr J Biotechnol 10: 12535-12541.
Nakano M, Sakakibara T, Watanabe Y, Mii M (1997). Establishment of embryogenesis cultures in several cultivars of Vitis vinifera and V. xlabruscana. Vitis 36: 141-145.
Niroula RK, Bimb HP (2009). Effect of genotype and callus induction medium on green plant regeneration from anther of Nepalese rice cultivars. Asian J Plant Sci 8: 368-374.
Ockendon DJ, McClenaghan R (1993). Effect of silver nitrate and 2,4-D on anther culture of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 32: 41-46.
Pan MJ, van Staden J (1998). The use of charcoal in in vitro culture-a review. Plant Growth Regul 26: 155-163.
Peiretti PG, Palmegiano GB, Salamano G (2004). Quality and fatty acid content of borage (Borago officinalis L.) during the growth cycle. Ital J Food Sci 16: 177-184.
Peixe A, Barroso J, Potes A, Pais MS (2004). Induction of haploid morphogenic calluses from in vitro cultured anthers of Prunus armeniaca cv. Harcot. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 77: 35-41.
Pinto G, Park YS, Neves L, Araujo C, Santos C (2008). Genetic control of somatic embryogenesis in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Plant Cell Rep 27: 1093-1101.
Prem D, Gupta K, Sarkar G, Agnihotri A (2008). Activated charcoal induced high frequency microspore embryogenesis and efficient doubled haploid production in Brassica juncea. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 93: 269-282.
Shahvali-Kohshour R, Moieni A, Baghizadeh A (2013). Positive effects of cold pretreatment, iron source, and silver nitrate on anther culture of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). Plant Biotechnol Rep 7: 481-488.
Sinha RK, Eudes F (2015). Dimethyl tyrosine conjugated peptide prevents oxidative damage and death of triticale and wheat microspores. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 122: 227-237.
Sood S, Dwivedi S (2015). Doubled haploid platform: an accelerated breeding approach for crop improvement. In: Bahadur B, Venkat Rajam M, Sahijram L, Krishnamurthy KV, editors. Plant Biology and Biotechnology: Volume II: Plant Genomics and Biotechnology. Berlin, Germany: Springer, pp. 89-111.
Sopory SK, Munshi M (1997). Anther culture. In: Jain SM, Sopory SK, Veilleux RE, editors. In Vitro Haploid Production in Higher Plants. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 145-176.
Thomas P, Ravindra MB (1997). Shoot-tip culture in mango: influence of medium, genotype, explant factors, season and decontamination treatments on phenolic exudation, explant survival and axenic culture establishment. J Hortic Sci 72: 713- 722.
Tyagi AK, Rashid AA, Maheshwari SC (1981). Promotive effect of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone on pollen embryogenesis in Datura innoxia. Physiol Plant 53: 405-406.
Von Aderkas PV, Label P, Lelu MA (2002). Charcoal affects early development and hormonal concentrations of somatic embryos of hybrid larch. Tree Physiol 22: 431-434.
Von Arnold S (1982). Factors influencing formation, development and rooting of adventitious shoots from embryos of Picea abies L. Karst. Plant Sci Lett 27: 275-287.
Yang W, Sokhansanj S, Tang J, Winter P (2002). Determination of thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity of borage seeds. Biosyst Eng 82: 169-176.
Zhong D, Michaux-Ferriere N, Coumans M (1995). Assay for doubled haploid sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plant production by androgenesis: fact or artifact? Part 1. In vitro anther culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 41: 91-97.
Zhou H, Konzak CF (1989). Improvement of anther culture methods for haploid production in wheat. Crop Sci 29: 817-821.