Sara MELITO, Angela FADDA, Adriana VIRDIS, Antonio BARBERIS

Variation in secondary metabolites contents of Spinoso Sardo artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L.) under different day lengths

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus Fiori) is an economically important crop in the Mediterranean basinand particularly in Italy, which is a leading producer. In this research, we studied the effect of extended photoperiod (15 and 17 h) onpolyphenolic, flavonoids, lignin concentrations, and antioxidant activity in edible and inedible organs of artichoke. The influence of daylength on morphological traits and biomass accumulation was also assessed. The total phenolic content of whole plants grown undernatural day length conditions exceeds that of photoperiod extended for 15 and 17 h by 31% and 32.4%, respectively. The decrease of totalphenols was high in inner bracts at photoperiods of 15 and 17 h, whereas the differences among treatments in receptacle were negligible.Antioxidant activity and total flavonoids followed the same trend observed for total phenols. The amount of lignin was dependent onthe tissue. In the control, the content of lignin ranged from 0.4 to 2.8 g/100 g of dry weight in receptacle and leaves of rosette, whereasin the 15-h treatment, it ranged from 0.3 to 5.1 g/100 g DW in floral steam and leaves of peduncle, respectively. Fifteen-hour day lengthsignificantly reduced the lignin content in receptacle and floral stem. Head morphology was little influenced by photoperiod, whereassignificant differences were obtained in floral stem diameter, showing larger values in natural conditions compared to photoperiodictreatments. C and N were also affected by photoperiod.

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