Nebahat SARI, Halit YETİŞİR, Fatif M. TOK, Şener KURT

Rootstock potential of Turkish lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon: Plant growth,graft compatibility, and resistance to fusarium

Türkiye’nin su kabağı (Lagenaria siceraria) genetik kaynaklarının karpuz için anaçlık potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Çalışma için morfolojik karakterlere göre 210 genotip arasından 72 su kabağı genotipi seçilmiştir. İki tane ticari anaç da karşılaştırma amacı ile kullanılmıştır. Aşı tutma oranını belirleme çalışmasında kalem olarak Crimson Tide karpuz çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Aşı kombinasyonlarında çıkıştaki homojenlik, hipokotil morfolojisi, aşı tutuma oranı ve Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON)’a dayanıklılık belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, aşılanmış bitkiler, anaçların bitki gelişimine etkilerini araştırmak için saksılarda 3 hafta süreyle yetiştirilmiştir. Yaprak sayısı, bitki kuru ağırlığı ve kök kuru ağırlığı tespit edilmiştir. Fide çıkışındaki homojenlik % 72 ile % 100 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek aşı tutma oaranı % 99, en düşük aşı tutuma oranı ise % 70 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Aşılanmış olan bitkiler kontrol bitkilerine oranla daha iyi gelişme göstermişlerdir. Bütün su kabağı genotipleri FON’un üç ırkına da dayanıklı bulunmuştur. Su kabağı genotiplerinden dokuzunda sararma gözlenmiş, ancak yapılan inceleme sonucunda sararmanın FON’dan kaynaklanmadığı belirlenmiştir. FON’un üç ırkına duyarlı olan Crimson Sweet karpuz çeşidi, yüksek aşı tutma oranı gösteren 10 su kabağı genotipi üzerine, anacın FON’a dayanıklılık üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak için aşılanmıştır. Aşılanmış bitkilerin hepsi FON’a dayanıklı bulunurken, aşılanmamış bitkiler FON’un 3 ırkına da duyarlı bulunmuşlardır. Sonuçlar, Türkiye su kabağı genetik kaynaklarının karpuz için Fusarium’a karşı güçlü bir anaç potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ve ıslah programları için iyi bir kaynak olduğunu göstermiştir

Türkiye’deki lagenaria siceraria gen kaynaklarının karpuz için anaçlık potansiyeli: Bitki gelişimi, afşı tutma ve fusarium’a dayanıklılık

The rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon was evaluated. Among 210 accessions, 72 genotypes were selected based on morphological characteristics. Two commercial hybrid rootstocks were also used for comparison. Crimson Tide watermelon cultivar was used as a scion. Emergence rate, hypocotyl morphology, survival rate, and resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) were investigated. Grafted plants were grown for 3 weeks in order to investigate the effect of rootstocks on plant growth. Leaf number, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were determined. Emergence rate was ranked between 72% and 100% in collected genotypes. The highest graft compatibility was 99% while the lowest graft compatibility was 70%. All the grafted plants showed better performance than control plants regarding plant growth. All bottle gourd genotypes were tested against known 3 races of FON and all of them showed resistance against it. However, 9 genotypes showed yellowing but reisolation from those plants showed that yellowing was not due to FON. Crimson Sweet watermelon cv. susceptible to 3 races of FON was grafted onto 10 Lagenaria siceraria genotypes with the highest graft compatibility with watermelon. While all grafted plants showed resistance to FON, ungrafted Crimson Sweet watermelon cv. was found susceptible to 3 races of FON. The results showed that Turkish L. siceraria germplasm has powerful rootstock potential for watermelon against Fusarium wilt and it is a good resource for rootstock breeding programs.

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