Mehmet ARSLAN, Mehmet Emin ÇALIŞKAN, Sevgi ÇALIŞKAN

Genotypic differences for reproductive growth, yield, and yield components in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Özet: Bu çalışma, sekiz yerfıstığı genotipinde generatif büyüme, tohumda yağ ve protein birikimi ile bazı verim unsurlarını belirlemek amacıyla 2001 ve 2002 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Genotiplerin generatif gelişimlerinin başlamasından sonra periyodik sayımlarla çiçek, ginefor ve meyve sayıları belirlenmiştir. Meyve tutumundan sonra 15 gün aralıklarla her parselden altı bitki hasat edilerek, tohumlardaki yağ ve protein oranları belirlenmiştir. Yetişme dönemi sonunda genotiplerin ürettikleri toplam çiçek, ginefor ve meyve sayıları belirlenerek, çiçeklerin ginefora ve meyveye dönme oranları ile gineforların meyveye dönme oranları hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca hasat sonunda genotiplerin bazı verim unsurları ve meyve verimi belirlenmiş, generatif büyüme parametreleri ile meyve verimi arasındaki korelasyonlar hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, generatif büyüme özelliklerinin genotiplere göre önemli derecede değişiklik gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Oluşan çiçek sayısının, çiçeklerin ginefor ve meyveye dönme oranlan ile negatif ilişkili olduğu, ancak çiçeklerin ginefora ve meyveye dönme oranlan ile meyve veriminin pozitif ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek tohum verimi, toplam çiçek sayısı en az ancak çiçeklerin meyveye dönme oranı en yüksek olan Osmaniye 2005 çeşidinden elde edildiği saptanmıştır. Genotiplerde yağ birikimi genelde benzer eğilim göstermiş ve ilk olgunlaşma dönemine (R7) kadar hızlı bir artış görülürken, daha sonra fizyolojik olum dönemine (R8) doğru azalma göstermiştir. Protein birikimi ise genel olarak tüm genotiplerde fizyolojik olum dönemine kadar sürekli bir artış göstermiştir.

Yerfıstığında (Arachis hypogaea L.) generatif büyüme, verim ve verim unsurları yönünden genotipik farklılıklar

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate reproductive growth, oil and protein accumulation in seeds, and some yield components of 8 groundnut genotypes in 2001 and 2002. The number of flowers, pegs, and pods per plant during the reproductive period were determined with periodic counts starting from flowering. The percentage of flowers turned to pegs and pods, and the percentage of pegs turned to pods were calculated at the end of the growing period. After pod setting, 6 plants per plot were harvested at 15-day intervals to determine oil and protein content of seeds. At final harvest pod yield and some yield components were determined, and correlations between reproductive growth parameters and pod yield were calculated. Genotypes had significantly different reproductive growth parameters. Total number of flowers per plant was negatively correlated with the percentage of flowers turned to pegs and pods, whereas the percentage of flowers turned to pegs and pods was positively correlated with pod yield. The highest pod yield was obtained from ev. Osmaniye 2005, which had the lowest number of flowers per plant and the highest percentage of flowers turned to pods. The results of the current study showed that percentage of flowers turned to pegs and the percentage of pegs turned to pods were the most promising generative plant characteristics that could contribute to seed yield increase in groundnut production in a typical eastern Mediterranean climate. Seed oil content of the groundnut genotypes increased rapidly until initiation of first maturity (R7) and then declined in the later growth stages, whereas protein content generally increased gradually until physiological maturity (R8) in all genotypes.

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