Günay ÇAKIR, Fatih SİVRİKAYA, Salih TERZİOĞLU, Emin Zeki BAŞKENT

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Yardımıyla Sekonder Orman Süksesyonunun Haritalanması: Bulanıkdere, Kırklareli Örneği

Ormanlar›n sahip oldu¤u tüm fonksiyonlar›n/de¤erlerin sürdürülebilirlili¤ini sa¤layacak flekilde orman amenajman planlar›n› gelifltirmek önemli ve zor bir süreçtir. Bu süreçte karfl›lafl›lan zorluklardan biri iflletme amaçlar› ile koruma hedeflerini isabetli olarak belirlemektir. Sürdürülebilir orman planlama ve iflletmecili¤inde, kompozisyon ve konfigürasyon aç›s›ndan hedef orman kuruluflu, alternatif iflletme faaliyetlerini belirlemek ve iflletme amaçlar› ile koruma hedeflerini gerçeklefltirmek için ortaya konmal›d›r. Hedef orman kuruluflunun ortaya konmas›nda vejetasyondaki süksesyon aflamalar›n›n belirlenmesi önemli rol oynamaktad›r. Bu çal›flma, biyolojik çeflitlili¤in orman amenajman planlar›na yans›t›ld›¤› K›rklareli-Bulan›kdere planlama biriminde gerçeklefltirilmifltir. Çal›flma Dünya Bankas› taraf›ndan desteklenen GEF projesinin bir bölümüdür. Sekonder orman süksesyonu aflamalar›, 2003 y›l›nda sistematik olarak tespit edilen 639 örnekleme alan›nda al›nan veriler kullan›larak Clements’in yaklafl›m›na göre belirlenmifltir. Bulan›kdere Planlama Biriminde, Co¤rafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS), Uzaktan Alg›lama (UA) ve Hava Foto¤raflar› (HF) ile süksesyon aflamalar› belirlenmifl ve haritalar› oluflturulmufltur. Efllefltirilmifl t testi (Paired Samples t), gerçek süksesyon de¤erleri ile hesaplanan süksesyon de¤erleri aras›nda anlaml› bir fark olup olmad›¤›n› belirlemek için uygulanm›flt›r. Bu iki yöntem aras›nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml› bir fark olmad›¤› % 95 güven düzeyinde ortaya konulmufltur. Elde edilen sonuçlar orman›n klimaks aflamas›na do¤ru gitti¤ini göstermektedir. Tüm alan süksesyon aç›s›ndan de¤erlendirildi¤inde, rekabet aflamas›ndaki alan›n oran› % 70.1 iken bafllang›ç, göç ve yerleflme aflamas›ndaki alanlar›n toplam› ise sadece % 2.8’dir. Bu sonuçlar alanda antropojenik etkinin varl›¤›n› ve farkl› üretim tekniklerinin kullan›ld›¤›n› ortaya koymaktad›r. Kesilmeyen ya da zarar görmüfl bireyler tek a¤aç iflletme fleklinde izleyen sekonder orman suksesyonu aflamalar›n›n temel bileflenlerini oluflturabilir. Say›sal veri tabanlar›; vejetasyonda meydana gelen de¤iflimleri anlamaya imkan sunmakta ve biyolojik çeflitlili¤in devam›n› sa¤layacak flekilde optimal karar vermede planlay›c›lara yard›mc› olmaktad›r.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

CBS, Uzaktan Alg›lama, Orman Amenajman Planlamas›, Sekonder Orman Süksesyonu

Mapping Secondary Forest Succession with Geographic Information Systems: A Case Study from Bulanıkdere, Kırklareli, Turkey

Developing forest management plans for sustaining the full range of forest values is a challenging task. One of the difficulties in this process is to set and achieve management objectives, and conservation targets. A sustainable forest management concept requires that a target forest structure (the composition and the configuration) be set before developing alternative management actions for the achievement of management objectives and the conservation targets. In this respect, developing and understanding vegetation succession play important roles in setting the target forest conditions. This study was conducted in the Bulanıkdere Forest planning unit (Kırklareli, Turkey) where the biodiversity-integrated multiple-use forest management planning process is conducted as part of the GEF project. The seral stages of secondary forest succession were determined according to Clements's succession theory by using 639 systematically distributed sample plots in the planning unit in 2003. The secondary forest succession was generated and mapped using a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), along with aerial photographs. The paired samples t-test was used to determine whether or not there were significant differences between estimated and calculated succession values. The difference was not statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. The results indicated that the forest has developed towards the climax stage. Around 70.1% of the area is in the competition stage, while the areas in the nudation, migration, and ecesis stages account for about 2.8%. Results show that anthropogenic disturbances and harvesting techniques have been the major causes of the succession. Under a selective harvesting regime, the trees left uncut or damaged would become the main components of the subsequent forest succession. The spatial database offers excellent opportunities to understand the vegetation dynamics and to help the forest manager in deciding future forest conditions for maintaining biodiversity.

Keywords:

GIS, remote sensing, forest management planning, secondary forest succession,

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