Sürdürülebilirlik Bakımından Tarımda Yenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımı: Hatay/Türkiye Örneği

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenilenebilir enerjinin tarımda kullanımı ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğini araştırmaktır. Veriler Hatay ili ilçelerinden rastgele belirlenen 120 üretici ile yüz-yüze anket çalışması ile elde edilmiştir. Sayısal değişkenlerin normal dağılıma uygunluğunu analiz etmek için Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi kullanılmış olup, parametrik olmayan veriler için Kruskal-Wallis testi uygulanmıştır. Kruskal-Wallis testi sonucunda anlamlı bulunan değişkenler Mann-Whitney U testi yapılarak yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; üreticilerin yaş, eğitim seviyesi, işletme arazi genişliği, toplam enerji maliyeti ve işletme gelir grupları arasında önemli bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca üreticilerin yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı kullanımına yönelik düşünceleri ve tarımsal uygulamaları hakkında farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bölgede enerji, tarımsal üretimin (özellikle sulamada) en yüksek maliyetli girdilerindendir. Üreticilerin yıllık toplam enerji tutarı ortalama ₺48.991,60’dir. Üreticilerin toplam enerji maliyetinin bilgi kaynaklarını etkilediği; büyük ölçekli çalışan işletmelerin teknoloji kullanım düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; tarım, enerji, çevre koruma ve sürdürülebilirliğin önemi değerlendirilmiş olup, bölgenin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yenilenebilir enerji, Tarım, Sürdürülebilirlik, Çevre, Hatay

Use of Renewable Energy in Agriculture in Terms of Sustainability: Hatay/Turkey Example

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of renewable energy in agriculture and environmental sustainability. Data was obtained with a face to face survey from 120 farmers whom selected randomly from the districts of Hatay province. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to analyze whether the numerical variables fit the normal distribution or not. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for nonparametric data. The variables found to be significant in the Kruskal- Wallis test were interpreted by using the Mann-Whitney U test. It is found out that age, education level, farm size, total energy cost and income of farmers had a significant relation between groups. Also, differences were identified between farmers' opinions about the use of renewable energy sources and their agricultural practices. Energy is one of the most expensive inputs in agricultural production (especially in irrigation) in the region. The annual total energy amount of the farmers was ₺48.991,60. The total cost of energy affects farmers' information resources. Big farms have a high level of technology use. As a result, the importance of agriculture, energy, environmental protection and sustainability has been evaluated and related recommendations were developed for the region.

Keywords:

Agriculture, Environment, Renewable energy, Sustainability, Hatay,

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