A New Crop for Salt Affected and Dry Agricultural Areas of Turkey: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Kuraklık ve tuzluluk, hatalı tarımsal uygulamalar ve iklim değişikliği ile tetiklenen iki yaygın çevresel problemdir ve tarımsal üretimi olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu gibi alanlarda tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilmesi için söz konusu elverişsiz koşullarda gelişebilen yeni bitkilerin yetiştirilmesi alınabilecek önlemlerden birisidir. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) anavatanı Güney Amerika’nın And bölgesi olan tek yıllık bir dane bitkisidir. Bu bitki çeşitli abiyotik stres faktörlerini tolere edebilme becerisi ve farklı çevresel koşullara uyum yeteneği ile kurak ve tuzdan etkilenmiş tarım alanları ya da verimsiz topraklar için alternatif bir ürün olma potansiyeline sahiptir. Glütensiz zengin besin içeriği quinoa bitkisini insan beslenmesi açısından önemli kılan bir başka özelliğidir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye için yeni bir ürün olarak quinoa bitkisi tanıtılmış ve 2009-2012 yılları arasında Çukurova Üniversitesinde yürütülen araştırma ışığında, ülkenin kurak ve tuzdan etkilenmiş alanlarında quinoa bitkisinin yetiştirilme olanakları değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre quinoa bitkisi sulama suyu elektriksel iletkenliği 40 dS m-1 düzeyine kadar, diğer birçok bitkinin tolere edemediği kök bölgesindeki yüksek tuzluluk ile baş edebilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, stres tolerans özelliği, deniz seviyesinden dağlık kesimlere kadar adapte olmuş birçok çeşidi ile farklı tarımsal çevre koşullarına uyum yeteneği, besin içeriği ve ekonomik değeri sayesinde quinoa bitkisi marjinal tarım alanları için alternatif bir ürün olarak önerilebilir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Quinoa, kuraklık ve tuzluluk stresi, sulama suyu kalitesi, kısıntılı sulama

A New Crop for Salt Affected and Dry Agricultural Areas of Turkey: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Drought and salinity are two widespread environmental problems induced by climate change and improper applications in agriculture and have important adverse effects on agricultural production. To sustain crop production in such areas for food security, cultivating new crops that can growth under these unfavorable conditions is one of the measures. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an annual grain plant originated from the Andean region of South America. This plant has potential to be an alternative crop for arid and salt affected agricultural lands or poor soils with its ability to tolerate various abiotic stress factors and adaptability to different environmental conditions. Its high gluten free nutritional component is another characteristic that makes quinoa an important crop for human diets. In this study, quinoa was introduced as a new crop for Turkey and cultivation possibilities of quinoa in arid and salt affected areas of the country was evaluated in the light of the research carried out in Cukurova University between the years of 2009 and 2012. According to this research results quinoa could cope with high salinity in the root zone up to 40 dS m-1 of electrical conductivity of irrigation water, which many other crops couldn’t tolerate this salinity level. In conclusion, quinoa may be suggested as an alternative crop for marginal agricultural areas thanks to its stress tolerant characteristic, adaptability to different agroenvironmental conditions with its various cultivars can be grown from sea level to highlands, nutritional component and economic value

Keywords:

Quinoa, drought and salinity stress, irrigation water quality, deficit irrigation,

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