ALİ BEYHAN UÇAK, TUGAY AYAŞAN, NİZAMETTİN TURAN

Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiencies of Silage Maize as Effected by Deficit Irrigation Treatments

Bu araştırma yarı kurak iklim koşullarında, yetişme sezonu süresince farklı düzeylerde oluşturulan su kısıntısının ana ürün silajlık mısırın silaj verimine, kalitesine ve su kullanım randımanı üzerine (WUE) etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla, 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada sulama konuları, her 7 günde bir 0-90 cm'lik etkili kök derinliğinde tüketilen suyun %100 (I100), %70 (I70), %35 (I35)'inin yeniden uygulanması şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada, bitki kök bölgesindeki eksik nemin tamamının karşılandığı I100 (kontrol) konusuna denemenin ilk ve ikinci yılında 8'er kez, sırasıyla toplam 693 ve 666 mm sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Kontrol konusunun bitki su tüketimi değeri birinci yıl 770 mm, ikinci yıl ise 738 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Anılan sulama konusunda silaj verimi denemenin birinci yılında 10650 kg/da, ikinci yılında 10600 kg/da arasında değişmiştir. % 30 oranında su kısıntısı uygulanan I70 konusundan alınan silaj verimi istatistiksel olarak I100 (kontrol) konusuna yakın grupta (B) yer almıştır. %30 oranından daha fazla yapılan su kısıntıları silaj verimi ve kalitesinde önemli oranda azalışlara sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca ET ile kuru madde arasında korelasyon katsayısı (r:0.78**-r:0.87**) ve ET ile silaj verimi, protein miktarı arasında korelasyon katsayısı sırasıyla (r:0.81**) ve (r:0.80**), olarak belirlenmiş ve ETa ile kuru madde ve protein miktarı arasında istatistiki olarak önemli pozitif yönde yüksek bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sulama suyu (I) ve su tüketim (ETa) değerleri ile tane verimi (Y) arasında %1 önem düzeyinde doğrusal ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Deneme yıllarında sırasıyla verim tepki etmeni (ky) 0.74 ve 1.06 olarak bulunmuştur. Konulara göre sulama suyu kullanım randımanı (IWUE), 3.80-5.10 kg da-1 mm; su kullanım randımanı (WUE) ise 3.62 ile 4.42 kg da mm arasında değişmiştir.

Kısıntılı Sulama Uygulamalarının Silajlık Mısırın Verim, Kalite ve Su Kullanım Randımanı Üzerine Etkileri

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different water deficit levels applied through growing season on silage yield, quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of main crop silage maize under semi-arid climate conditions during the years 2014 and 2015. Irrigation treatments were set as 100% (I100), 70% (I70) and 35% (I35) supply of depleted water within 0-90 cm effective root zone in 7-day intervals. Applied irrigation water quantities in I100(control) treatment of the first and second year (in 8 irrigations) were respectively observed as 693 and 666 mm. Plant water consumptions in control treatment were respectively measured as 770 and 738 mm. Silage yield was 10650 kg da-1 in the first year and 10600 kg da-1 in the second year. The silage yield obtained from I70 treatment with 30% water deficit was statistically placed in group (B) following I100 (control) treatment. The water deficits over 30% resulted in significant decreases in silage yield and quality. The correlation coefficient between ETa and dry matter was respectively identified as (r: 0.78), (r: 0.87) in 2014 and 2015 and the correlation coefficient between plant water consumption (ETa) and protein content was respectively identified as (r:0.81), (r:0.80) and the correlations between ETa and quality parameters were found to be positive and highly significant. There were significant linear correlations between ETa and kernel yield (Y). Yield response factor (ky) of experimental years were respectively calculated as 0.74 and 1.06. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values varied between 3.80-5.10 kg da-1 mm and water use efficiency (WUE) values varied between 3.62 and 4.42 kg da-1 mm.

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